Category: Preventive Care

An annual check-up isn’t about searching for problems that aren’t there—it’s about catching silent threats before they become serious. Studies have shown that routine health checks can lead to early detection of chronic diseases, better health outcomes, and even reduced healthcare costs over time.

In fact, a systematic review in BMJ Open (2021) found that general health checks improved the detection of chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes, while also increasing the uptake of preventive services like cancer screenings and vaccinations.

A 2019 study published in JAMA Network Open found that individuals who went for annual wellness visits were more likely to receive preventive services and early diagnoses. Another study from The American Journal of Preventive Medicine highlighted that regular check-ups are associated with better health-related quality of life and reduced mortality risk.

These benefits are not just for older adults—young people, too, benefit from baselines being established early in life, allowing for quicker interventions if something goes off track later.

When you skip your yearly physical, you risk allowing silent killers like high blood pressure, diabetes, and even certain cancers to go unchecked. DrDoGood makes sure you don’t have to choose between your busy schedule and your health. In fact, you can book you check up now- just tap here.

What To Expect During an Annual Check-Up?

A typical check-up varies by age, gender, and personal risk factors, but most include:

• Medical history review: Lifestyle, family history, past illnesses.
• Vital signs check: Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration.
• Physical examination: From head to toe.
• Basic labs: Blood sugar, cholesterol, kidney function, sometimes HIV testing or hepatitis screening.
• Screenings: Depending on age/gender – e.g., cervical smears, breast exams, prostate checks.
• Counseling: Diet, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, mental health.

Key Health Checks for Men and Women by Age

To help you understand what to expect at your annual medical check-up, this table outlines the key health screenings recommended for men and women at different stages of life. While many routine checks are common to both, some screenings are specific to gender and age-related health risks. Regular check-ups are important for early detection and prevention, ensuring you stay ahead of potential health issues as you grow older.

DrDoGood simplifies this process by offering virtual pre-check-up consultations, lab test bookings, and digital follow-ups so you only go in-person when necessary.

Here’s what your check-up could catch early:

Some of the most dangerous diseases are the quietest. Here’s what your check-up could catch early:

1. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
   • Often called the “silent killer”, it may show no symptoms until complications like stroke or heart attack occur.
   • It’s detectable with a simple blood pressure check.
   • You may be asked to complete a BP profile because one BP reading is not enough to diagnose hypertension.
2. Type 2 Diabetes
   • You could have it for years before symptoms like fatigue, excessive thirst, foot ulcers or vision problems show.
   • A fasting glucose or HbA1c test can catch it early.
3. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
   • In its early stages, CKD often presents no symptoms.
   • A urine test or BUE & CR(Kidney Function Test) blood test can reveal early damage.
4. High Cholesterol
   • You don’t feel it—but over time it clogs arteries, causing heart disease and sometimes strokes.
   • Easily picked up with a lipid profile.
5. Certain Cancers (like cervical, breast, prostate,colon)
   • Regular screenings like PAP smears, mammograms, PSA tests or colonoscopies can catch them before symptoms appear.

Conclusion: Is It a Waste of Money?

Let’s flip the question: Is your health worth investing in? Is your peace of mind worth preserving?

An annual check-up may cost some money upfront, but it could save you thousands in emergency care, lost productivity—or even save your life.

At DrDoGood, we know the challenges—tight schedules, rising costs, health anxiety, or just not knowing where to start.

That’s why we’ve designed a seamless annual check-up experience:

• Book online or via our app.
• Choose to begin with a virtual consult, where your doctor reviews your risk profile.
• Get your labs done at a nearby facility or from home, if eligible.
• Receive a personalized wellness report, explained in simple terms by your doctor.
• Follow-up support—whether you need a diet plan, a referral, or just reassurance.

And if all your tests are normal? That’s not a waste—that’s peace of mind. Don’t wait until symptoms push you to act. Be proactive. Be empowered.

Have you ever felt a burning sensation when you pee? Or a sudden, strong urge to urinate—only to release just a few drops? If yes, you may have experienced a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). They’re uncomfortable, often misunderstood, but luckily, treatable.

UTIs are very common, especially in women. In fact, over 50% of women will get at least one UTI in their lifetime. But they don’t discriminate—men and children can get them too. In this guide we’ll talk about what causes UTIs, how to treat and prevent them and bust one of the biggest myths concerning UTI’s.

What Is a UTI?

A UTI happens when bacteria, usually from the skin or rectum, travel up the urethra and infect the urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most UTIs affect the bladder, but if left untreated, the infection can spread to the kidneys—which can be serious.

UTIs are typically classified based on where the infection occurs:

• Cystitis – infection of the bladder
• Urethritis – infection of the urethra
• Pyelonephritis – infection of the kidneys
  
  

Who is at risk?

UTIs affect people of all ages and sexes, but women are affected the most because their urethra is shorter, making it easier for bacteria to enter the bladder.

You’re more likely to get a UTI if you:

• Don’t drink enough water
• Hold your pee often
• Are sexually active
• Use certain types of birth control (like diaphragms)
• Are pregnant or menopausal
• Have diabetes or a weakened immune system

Symptoms of a Urinary Tract Infection

Here are the most common symptoms. Some are mild, while others might require urgent attention:

• A burning feeling when you urinate
• Frequent or urgent need to pee
• Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
• Pelvic pain or pressure in the lower belly
• Blood in the urine (in some cases)

UTI RED FLAGS- WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR

If the infection travels to the kidneys, you may also experience:

• Fever and chills
• Nausea or vomiting
• Pain in the back or sideSymptoms last more than 1–2 days
• You develop a fever, chills, or back pain
• You keep getting UTIs often
• You’re pregnant or have a chronic illness
• Acute Kidney Injury (Can present as reduced urine volume, Leg Swelling, facial puffiness )
  • can progress to chronic Kidney diseases needing dialysis if not treated well
• Delirium secondary to a UTI- Elderly People may even present with a change in behavior, have delusion and hallucinations when they have a UTI.

Diagnosing a urinary tract infection

Doctors start by asking about your symptoms—burning when you pee, going more often than usual, or feeling like you can’t wait. If those sound familiar, they’ll likely suspect a urinary tract infection.

Next, they test a sample of your urine. A quick dipstick test checks for signs of infection like white blood cells, nitrites, or blood.

To confirm the diagnosis, they often send the urine to the lab for microscopy, culture, and sensitivity (Urine R/E and Urine C/S). This helps them pinpoint the exact bacteria causing the infection and choose the right antibiotic.

If you keep getting UTIs or have unusual symptoms, your doctor may order an ultrasound or CT scan to check for deeper issues in your urinary tract.

Medical Treatment

Most UTIs are treated with antibiotics, which are prescribed after a quick test. Symptoms usually improve within a few days of starting medication, but it’s important to finish all your antibiotics, even if you feel better.

For mild UTIs, a short course of oral antibiotics usually clears things up in a few days. If the infection is severe or has reached the kidneys, you might need stronger medication or even IV antibiotics.

The type of antibiotic used varies based on the antibiotic resistance profile in your town. Your doctor may start with an antibiotic that is effective against the bacteria that commonly cause UTI’S then switch to a more specific one when your urine results are ready.

Pain relief (like paracetamol) and drinking lots of water can also help flush out the bacteria faster.

The Cranberry Juice myth

We can’t discuss Urinary Tract Infections without discussing one of the biggest myths about treating UTI’s.

Cranberries may help prevent UTIs by stopping bacteria from sticking to the bladder wall—but they don’t cure active infections.

Cranberries contain compounds like proanthocyanidins that may prevent certain bacteria—particularly E. coli—from sticking to the lining of the urinary tract. Drinking cranberry juice isn’t a guaranteed way to treat or prevent UTIs.

Most commercial cranberry juices are also loaded with sugar.

It would be dangerous to rely solely on cranberry juice instead of seeing a healthcare provider as this may delay proper diagnosis and treatment.

How to Prevent a Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are not only common but also preventable with a few simple lifestyle habits. Here’s how to stay one step ahead of UTIs.
Drink plenty of water to flush out bacteria

• Don’t hold in your pee
• Wipe front to back (for people women)
• Pee after sex to help wash out any bacteria
• Avoid scented soaps, sprays, or douches in the genital area
• Wear breathable, cotton underwear and change it daily

Final Thoughts

UTIs are common and annoying—but with a bit of knowledge and care, they can be prevented and treated effectively.

If you’re experiencing symptoms, don’t wait—see a doctor . No need to wait in long endless lines- you can see a doctor now within the next 5mins.

Additional Resources

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It spreads through sexual contact (vaginal, anal, and oral sex) and direct skin-to-skin contact with a syphilis sore. It can also be passed from a pregnant mother to her baby, which can lead to serious complications (congenital syphilis).

In this guide, we’ll talk about how syphilis affects your body, the symptoms to look out for, essential medical therapies, supportive home remedies, and prevention tips.

How do people get Syphilis?

These are the most common ways

1. Unprotected Sexual Contact

Syphilis is primarily transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex when a person comes into contact with an infected sore.

2. Skin-to-Skin Contact with a Chancre

Even if there’s no penetration, touching an open sore on the genitals, mouth, or anus can spread the bacteria.

3. Mother-to-Baby Transmission (Congenital Syphilis)

A pregnant woman with syphilis can pass it to her baby during pregnancy or childbirth, leading to serious complications.

4. Rare Transmission through Blood Transfusion

This is extremely uncommon now due to strict screening, but it was a risk in the past.

NOTE: Syphilis does not spread through casual contact like sharing food, hugging, toilet seats, or touching objects.

How does Syphilis Affect your body

The scary thing about syphilis is that it’s a “silent” infection in many cases. People often don’t know they have it because the symptoms can be mild or mistaken for something else. Untreated syphilis can cause severe complications, including damage to the brain, heart, and nervous system.

1. Bacteria Entry– Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, which enters the body through tiny cuts in the skin or mucous membranes, usually during sexual contact.

2. Spread Through Blood and Lymph – The bacteria multiply at the infection site and then enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system, spreading throughout the body.

3. Stage Progression – Syphilis develops in stages:

• Primary Stage – A painless sore (chancre) appears at the infection site.
• Secondary Stage – A rash, fever, and flu-like symptoms occur as the bacteria spread further.
• Latent Stage – The infection becomes silent, sometimes for years.
• Tertiary Stage – If untreated, the infection can damage organs like the brain, heart, and nerves.

4. Complications – Without treatment, syphilis can cause blindness, paralysis, mental illness, or even death.

How to treat Syphilis

Syphilis is completely curable with antibiotics. The treatment depends on how long you’ve had the infection and what stage it’s in.

1. First-Line Treatment: Penicillin Injections

• The best and most effective treatment for syphilis is an injection of Benzathine penicillin G (also known as Bicillin L-A).
• How many shots you need depends on the stage:
• Primary or Secondary Syphilis (early-stage): One dose of penicillin (1.8 million units).
• Latent Syphilis (infection for more than a year): Three doses given one week apart.
• Neurosyphilis (when it affects the brain or nerves): Requires a stronger regimen of IV penicillin for 10-14 days.

If you’ve ever gotten a penicillin injection, you know it’s not the most pleasant experience—it’s a deep intramuscular shot, and it can hurt a little. But it is certainly worth avoiding the complications of untreated syphilis.

Second Line Treatment

For people who are allergic to penicillin, other antibiotics can be used, such as:

• Doxycycline (100 mg twice a day for 14-28 days)
• Ceftriaxone (intramuscular injection for 10-14 days)
• Azithromycin (single dose, but resistance is increasing, so it is not the first choice)

If you’re pregnant and allergic to penicillin, your doctor may perform desensitization—gradually introducing small doses under supervision until you can tolerate the full amount. This is crucial because penicillin is the only proven treatment to prevent congenital syphilis in babies.

Important Note: Misusing antibiotics contributes to resistance, making infections harder to treat. Always follow a doctor’s guidance when treating syphilis.

What to Expect After Treatment

Once you’re treated, your symptoms will begin to improve, but the bacteria won’t disappear immediately. It takes time for your body to fully clear the infection.

• The sores or rash will heal, but it takes time. This can take a few weeks to months.
• You might feel worse before you feel better. Some people experience the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction—a short-term flu-like reaction after the first treatment. This happens because the bacteria die off quickly, triggering inflammation. You might have fever, chills, headache, or muscle pain, but it usually goes away within 24 hours.
• Follow-up testing is crucial. Your doctor will recommend repeat blood tests at 6, 12, and 24 months to make sure the infection is gone. MAKE SURE YOU ATTEND ALL YOUR APPOINTMENTS. With DRDOGOOD, long cues are never an issue. You consultation can start in the next 5mins.
• You can get syphilis again even after treatment. If your partner isn’t treated or you have unprotected sex with someone who has the infection, reinfection is possible.
  
  

Home Remedies To SUPPORT Treatment

It’s important to understand that the medical treatment is the ONLY way to treat syphilis. Home remedies can provide symptomatic relief, but they will not TREAT or CURE the infection.

Below are some natural ways to support your recovery:

1. Boost Your Immune System

• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins to help your body fight infection.
• Increase vitamin C intake (citrus fruits, bell peppers) to promote healing.
• Get enough sleep (7-9 hours per night) to aid recovery.
• Stay hydrated to flush out toxins.

2. Probiotics for Gut Health

• Antibiotics can disrupt your gut microbiome, leading to digestive issues.
• Eat yogurt and kefir or take probiotic supplements(like Bifimax) to restore healthy bacteria.

3. Herbal Support (With extreme Caution)

• Garlic: Has antibacterial properties that may help support overall immunity.
• Turmeric: Contains anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce symptoms like swollen lymph nodes.
• Green tea: Rich in antioxidants that promote healing.

4. Stress Reduction & Rest

• Chronic stress weakens the immune system. Try meditation, deep breathing, or yoga.
• Engage in light exercise, like walking, to improve circulation and recovery.
• Avoid sexual activity until your treatment is complete and a doctor confirms the infection is gone.
• Wash hands regularly to prevent spreading bacteria.
• Change towels, bed linens, and underwear frequently.

Important Reminder:

These remedies do not replace antibiotics. If you don’t treat syphilis, it can lead to serious complications like organ damage and neurological problems. Always follow your doctor’s prescribed treatment plan for full recovery.

Preventing Syphilis

Prevention is always better than treatment. Follow these steps to protect yourself:

1. Use condoms or dental dams during sex. They lower the risk of transmission, though they don’t offer complete protection since syphilis spreads through skin-to-skin contact.

2. Get regular STI tests. Routine screening, especially if you have multiple partners, helps detect syphilis early and prevents complications.

3. Avoid sexual contact if you or your partner have symptoms. If you notice a sore, rash, or any unusual symptoms, get tested before engaging in sex.

4. Talk to your partner(s) about STI testing. Open conversations about sexual health protect both of you from infections.

5. Consider PrEP if you’re at higher risk. While PrEP mainly prevents HIV, people at high risk for HIV are also more vulnerable to syphilis.

Final thoughts

No home remedies, over-the-counter treatments, or alternative therapies can cure syphilis. You must see a doctor and take the proper antibiotics.

That said, you can support your recovery by:

• Take all prescribed medications exactly as directed.
• Avoiding sexual activity until you complete treatment and test negative.
• Practicing safe sex by using condoms and getting regular STI tests.
• Encourage your partner(s) to get tested and treated if needed.

Additional Information

CDC Syphilis Treatment Guidelines

WHO Syphilis Fact Sheet

Planned Parenthood Syphilis Overview

Genital warts are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). While they can be uncomfortable and distressing, they are treatable.

There are effective treatments to help remove warts, relieve discomfort, and prevent recurrence.

We’ll discuss what genital warts are, how they affect the body, the best medical and home treatments, and how to prevent future outbreaks.

What Are Genital Warts?

Genital Warts appear as small, flesh-colored or grayish bumps in the genital or anal area. They can be:

• Flat or raised

• Smooth or cauliflower-like in texture

• Singular or clustered

These warts don’t always cause pain, but some people experience itching, irritation, or discomfort during sex.

What Causes Genital Warts?

HPV types 6 and 11 cause 90% of genital warts. This virus spreads through skin-to-skin contact, primarily during sexual activity.

What Happens in the Body When You Have Genital Warts?

HPV infects skin cells, causing them to grow abnormally. Here’s how it works:

1. HPV enters the body through tiny breaks in the skin.
2. It hides inside skin cells, making them multiply abnormally.
3. Warts develop weeks or months after infection.
4. Your immune system tries to fight it off, but in some cases, the virus stays dormant and causes warts to return.

How Common Are Genital Warts?

Genital warts are very common. According to the CDC:

1 in 100 sexually active adults has genital warts at any given time.

HPV affects nearly 80% of sexually active people at some point in their lives.

Young adults (ages 20-39) are at the highest risk.

While genital warts are not cancerous, HPV can increase the risk of Cervical cancer (in women, Penile, anal, and throat cancers (in men and women). That’s why early detection and treatment are crucial.

How to Treat Genital Warts

1. See a Doctor for Diagnosis

Before starting any treatment, consult a healthcare provider. Your doctor may use:

• Visual examination – Looking at the warts.
• Acetic acid test – Applying vinegar to highlight warts.
• HPV testing – Also available as a self-test at some facilities like Marie Stopes through DrDoGood.

2. Medical Treatments

If diagnosed, your doctor may recommend:

Topical Treatments (Prescription Creams)

• These destroy wart tissue or boost the immune system:

• Imiquimod – Stimulates the immune system. (Wash off 6-10 hours after application).

• Podophyllin & Podofilox – Chemically destroy warts. (Must be washed off after 1-4 hours.)

Warning: Do not use over-the-counter wart removers—they are NOT safe for genital warts!

In-Office Procedures
If creams don’t work, doctors may recommend:

• Cryotherapy (Freezing) – Uses liquid nitrogen to freeze off warts.

• Electrocautery (Burning) – Uses an electric current to destroy warts.

• Laser Therapy – Destroys larger warts with high-intensity light.

• Surgical Removal – Cutting out warts under local anesthesia.

3. Home Remedies & Lifestyle Adjustments

While home remedies do NOT cure genital warts, they can ease symptoms:

A. Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)

How to Use:

1. Mix equal parts ACV and water.

2. Soak a cotton ball and apply it to the wart.

3. Leave it on for 10-15 minutes, then rinse.

WARNING: ACV can cause burns and irritation. Do NOT use it inside the vagina or anus.

B. Boosting Immunity to Fight HPV

A strong immune system helps your body clear HPV naturally.

• Best Foods for Immunity:

-Fruits & Vegetables – High in Vitamin C (e.g., oranges, spinach).

-Lean Proteins – Supports immune function (e.g., fish, chicken).

-Probiotic Foods – Boosts gut health (e.g., yogurt, kimchi).

Need a meal plan? A registered dietitian on DrDoGood can help!

• Things to Avoid:

-Smoking & Alcohol – Weaken immune response and increase HPV persistence.

How to Prevent Genital Warts

1. Get Vaccinated (HPV Vaccine)

The Gardasil 9 vaccine protects against HPV types 6, 11, and high-risk cancer strains.

💉 Recommended for ages 9-45.

💉 Most effective before first sexual contact. However, this doesn’t mean it is not useful outside of this condition

2. Practice Safe Sex

• Use condoms (reduces, but doesn’t eliminate risk).
• Get regular STI tests.

Final Thoughts

Genital warts are treatable, but HPV can stay in the body and cause re-occurrence.

Medical treatments work best and require expert supervision—see a doctor now on DRDOGOOD for proper care. You can even find some self-test kits.

Prevention is key—consider the HPV vaccination and practice safe sex.

Additional Resources

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT HPV

HPV SELF-TESTING

Eczema is a chronic skin condition causing redness, itching, dryness, and inflammation. In this comprehensive guide we will provide you with everything you need to know about eczema, from its causes and symptoms to the best treatment and prevention strategies.

By the end of this guide, you’ll have a clear understanding of:

• The different types of eczema
• What triggers flare-ups
• How to treat eczema with medical and home remedies
• Preventive measures to reduce flare-ups

What is Eczema?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a condition that causes the skin to become dry, itchy, inflamed, and irritated. It is not contagious, but it can significantly impact a person’s quality of life, leading to discomfort and, in severe cases, skin infections.

How Common is Eczema? 

• Worldwide: Eczema affects about 15-20% of children and 2-10% of adults globally. (WHO)
• Africa: Studies suggest that eczema prevalence in African countries varies between 4% and 25%. (NCBI)

Types of Eczema

Eczema is not a one-size-fits-all condition; there are several types, each with its unique characteristics:

1. Atopic Dermatitis (Most Common Type)

• Symptoms: Dry, itchy, and inflamed skin; common in babies and children.
• Triggers: Genetics, allergens, irritants, and a weakened skin barrier.

2. Contact Dermatitis

• Symptoms: Redness, irritation, and blisters after contact with an irritant or allergen.
• Triggers: Soaps, fragrances, detergents(like your washing powder), and certain metals (like nickel).

3. Dyshidrotic Eczema

• Symptoms: Small, itchy blisters on hands and feet.
• Triggers: Stress, allergies, and exposure to metals like cobalt or nickel.

4. Nummular Eczema

• Symptoms: Round, coin-shaped spots of irritated skin.
• Triggers: Dry skin, insect bites, or skin injuries.

5. Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Symptoms: Scaly, greasy patches on the scalp, face, and chest.
• Triggers: Hormonal changes, stress, and yeast overgrowth.

6. Stasis Dermatitis

• Symptoms: Swelling and skin discoloration on the lower legs.
• Triggers: Poor circulation, varicose veins, and blood flow issues.

What Happens in the Skin When You Have Eczema? 

Eczema is like a glitch in your skin’s defense system. Normally, your skin acts as a strong barrier, keeping moisture in and harmful stuff like bacteria, allergens, and irritants out. But in people with eczema, this barrier is weak and leaky, leading to dryness, irritation, and inflammation.

Here’s a simple breakdown of what happens:

1. Weak Skin Barrier:

• Imagine your skin is a brick wall. In eczema, some of the “bricks” (skin cells) and “cement” (natural oils) are missing. This means moisture escapes too easily, and irritants can sneak in.

2. Overactive Immune Response:

• Your immune system mistakes harmless things (like dust, soaps, or even stress) as threats and attacks your skin.
• This leads to redness, swelling, itching, and rashes.

3. Inflammation and Itching:

• The immune response releases chemicals that make the skin even more irritated.
• This causes intense itching, which makes people scratch—damaging the skin further and worsening the cycle.

4. Bacteria and Infection Risk:

• Because the skin barrier is weak, bacteria and germs can enter more easily, increasing the risk of skin infections.

5. Chronic Flare-Ups:

• Eczema doesn’t stay the same every day. Some things—like stress, cold weather, or scented products—trigger flare-ups, making symptoms worse.

In summary, eczema is a combination of weak skin, an overactive immune system, and inflammation.

Common Causes & Triggers of Eczema

While the exact cause of eczema isn’t fully understood, researchers believe it results from a combination of genetics and environmental triggers.

1. Genetic Factors

• If one or both parents have eczema, asthma, or hay fever, their child has a higher risk of developing eczema.
• A mutation in the filaggrin gene, which helps maintain a healthy skin barrier, has been linked to eczema.
• You destroy your skin barrier when you
  • Overuse  exfoliants and chemical peels
  • Use strong cleansers
  • Use alcohol based products on your face
  • Frequent washing with hot water (depletes moisture)
  • prolonged sun exposure 
  • Dehydration
  • Poor sleep
  • Excessive Caffeine 

2. Environmental Triggers

• Allergens: Pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mold.
• Irritants: Harsh soaps, detergents, and fragrances.
• Climate: Extremely hot or cold weather, humidity, and dry air.
• Stress: Emotional stress can weaken the immune system, worsening eczema symptoms.
• Hormones: Hormonal changes during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can trigger flare-ups.

Symptoms of Eczema

Eczema symptoms vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe.

Common Symptoms Include:

1. Itching: Often intense and worse at night.
2.  Dry, cracked skin: Can become rough and scaly.
3. Red or inflamed patches: Common on the face, hands, elbows, and knees.
4. Blisters or oozing skin: More common in severe cases.
5.  Thickened skin: Prolonged scratching can lead to lichenification (thick, leathery skin).

How to Treat Eczema

1. Medical Treatments

Doctors often recommend the following treatments for eczema (Note they can have pretty severe side effects if not taken under the guidance of a doctor):

• Topical Steroids (Corticosteroids): Reduce inflammation and itching.
• Moisturizers & Emollients: Maintain the skin barrier and prevent dryness.
• Antihistamines: Help relieve itching and improve sleep.
• Calcineurin Inhibitors (Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus): Used for sensitive areas like the face and neck.
• Oral Medications: In severe cases, immunosuppressants like cyclosporine may be prescribed.

2. Home Remedies & Natural Treatments (These are not scientifically proven but they have been reported to help). 

• Oatmeal Baths: Helps soothe itchy, inflamed skin.
• Coconut Oil: Contains anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
• Aloe Vera Gel: Hydrates and calms irritated skin.

3. Lifestyle Adjustments to Manage Eczema

Eczema can be managed effectively with lifestyle modifications that reduce flare-ups and maintain skin health. Here’s how:

A. Use Fragrance-Free Soaps and Lotions

Fragrances and harsh chemicals in skincare products can trigger flare-ups.

Instead:

• Opt for hypoallergenic, fragrance-free cleansers and moisturizers.

• Look for products labeled “dermatologist-recommended” or “for sensitive skin.”
• Apply a thick moisturizer immediately after bathing to lock in moisture.

B. Wear Loose-Fitting, Cotton Clothing

Tight or synthetic fabrics can irritate sensitive skin and worsen symptoms.

Instead:

• Choose soft, breathable fabrics like cotton and bamboo.
• Avoid wool and polyester, which can cause friction and itching.
• Wash new clothes before wearing them to remove potential irritants.

C. Avoid Long, Hot Showers

Hot water can strip the skin of its natural oils, worsening dryness and irritation. To protect your skin:

• Take lukewarm showers for no longer than 10-15 minutes.
• Pat the skin dry with a soft towel—do not rub.
• Apply moisturizer within 3 minutes of drying off to seal in hydration.

D. Keep Your Home Dust-Free

Dust mites, pet dander, and mold are common environmental triggers. To reduce exposure:

• Sweep and dust regularly to minimize allergens.
• Use air filters to remove airborne irritants.
• Wash bed sheets, pillowcases, and blankets weekly in hot water to eliminate dust mites.

E. Manage Stress and Get Enough Sleep

Stress and lack of sleep can weaken the immune system and trigger flare-ups. To manage stress:

• Practice mindfulness, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.
• Create a consistent bedtime routine to improve sleep quality.
• Engage in light exercise like walking or stretching to relieve tension.

F. Stay Hydrated and Eat an Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Hydration and nutrition play a crucial role:

• Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep skin hydrated.
• Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (salmon, flaxseeds, walnuts) to reduce inflammation.
• Avoid processed foods, excessive sugar, and dairy (if it worsens your eczema).

Preventing Flare-Ups

While eczema cannot always be prevented, these steps can help reduce flare-ups:

1. Maintain Proper Skincare

• Apply a thick moisturizer twice daily.
• Use a gentle cleanser (avoid soaps with sulfates).

2. Manage Stress Levels

3. Diet & Nutrition

• Eat anti-inflammatory foods (e.g., salmon, turmeric, leafy greens).
• Stay hydrated to keep skin from drying out.

Final Thoughts 

For some, eczema improves with age. However, many people continue to experience flare-ups throughout adulthood.

Eczema can be challenging, but with the right skincare routine, lifestyle changes, and medical treatments, you can effectively manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups.

Additional Resources

📌 Watch: Eczema Skincare Tips

📌 Listen: Eczema Podcast on Spotify

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is a common digestive condition that causes painful sores in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). These ulcers can lead to symptoms such as burning stomach pain, bloating, nausea, and in severe cases, internal bleeding.

The good news is that peptic ulcers are treatable. With the right medical therapy, lifestyle changes, and preventive measures, you can heal ulcers and prevent complications. In this guide we will walk you through the best treatment options and how to manage PUD effectively.

Understanding Peptic Ulcer Disease

Your stomach produces acid to help digest food, but this acid is so strong that it could damage the stomach lining. To protect itself, the stomach has a special mucus layer that acts like a shield.
Peptic ulcer disease happens when something weakens this shield, allowing acid to burn and create open sores (ulcers) in the stomach or the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).

The two most common reasons for this are:

1. Frequent use of NSAIDs (painkillers like ibuprofen or aspirin) – These medications reduce the stomach’s ability to produce protective mucus, leaving the lining exposed to acid.
2. H. pylori infection – This is a type of bacteria that can survive in the stomach’s harsh environment. It damages the protective mucus layer, making the stomach lining more vulnerable to acid.

Other factors like stress, spicy foods, and smoking can make symptoms worse but don’t directly cause ulcers. 

When the acid erodes the stomach lining, it can lead to epigastric pain (which can feel like chest pain), bleeding, and in severe cases, perforation (a hole in the stomach).

Types of Peptic Ulcers

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine due to excessive acid exposure. They are classified based on their location:

1. Gastric Ulcers

• These ulcers form in the lining of the stomach.
• Symptoms often worsen after eating because food triggers acid production, irritating the ulcer.
• More common in older adults

2. Duodenal Ulcers

• These ulcers develop in the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
• Symptoms tend to improve after eating but worsen a few hours later or at night when the stomach is empty.
• More common in younger adults.

    3. Esophageal Ulcers

• These ulcers occur in the esophagus due to acid reflux or chronic irritation from medications or alcohol.
• Symptoms include pain while swallowing, heartburn, and chest pain.

4. Stress Ulcers

• These ulcers develop due to severe stress, such as critical illness, trauma, or major surgery.
• Often found in hospitalized patients, especially those in intensive care.

5. Refractory Ulcers

• These are ulcers that do not heal despite treatment.
• Causes include continued H. pylori infection, excessive NSAID use, or underlying conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (a rare disorder causing excessive acid production).

Understanding the type of ulcer helps in choosing the right treatment plan for faster healing and symptom relief.

How to Treat Peptic Ulcer Disease

1. Medical Treatments for Peptic Ulcers

The primary goal of treating PUD is to heal the ulcer, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications.

a) Treating H. pylori Infection

If an H. pylori infection is responsible for your ulcer, your doctor will prescribe a combination of antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria.

• Triple Therapy (Standard Treatment)
  • Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) (e.g., omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole) – Reduces stomach acid.
  • Two Antibiotics (e.g., clarithromycin + amoxicillin or metronidazole) – Kills H. pylori.
  • Duration: Typically 10-14 days.
• Quadruple Therapy (For Antibiotic-Resistant Cases)
  • PPI + Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) + Metronidazole + Tetracycline.
  • Used when standard therapy fails.

After treatment, a follow-up test (such as a stool antigen test or breath test) is needed to confirm that H. pylori has been eradicated. This is why it’s important that your treatment is directed by a doctor.

b) Medications to Reduce Stomach Acid

Even if H. pylori is not present, reducing stomach acid is essential for ulcer healing. The following medications are commonly prescribed:

• Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) – These are the most effective acid-suppressing drugs, allowing the ulcer to heal faster. Common PPIs include:
  • Omeprazole (Prilosec)
  • Esomeprazole (Nexium)
  • Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
  • Pantoprazole (Protonix)
• H2-Receptor Blockers – These drugs also reduce stomach acid but are slightly less effective than PPIs. Examples include:
  • Ranitidine (Zantac)
  • Famotidine (Pepcid)
  • Cimetidine (Tagamet)
• Antacids – These provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid but don’t promote ulcer healing. Common antacids include:
  • Calcium carbonate (Tums)
  • Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
  • Aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)
• Protective Agents (Mucosal Protectants) – These coat the stomach lining, acting as a barrier against acid. Examples include:
  • Sucralfate (Carafate) – Forms a protective layer over the ulcer.
  • Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) – Has antibacterial properties against H. pylori.

c) Discontinuing NSAIDs

If NSAIDs caused your ulcer, stopping or reducing their use is crucial. If you need pain relief, your doctor may recommend:

• Switching to acetaminophen (Tylenol) instead of NSAIDs.
• Using low-dose NSAIDs with a PPI for stomach protection.

However be aware that these also carry their risks. You should let your doctor explore the cause of your pain so the source of it can be treated and you can avoid being reliant on painkillers.

2. Lifestyle and Dietary Changes

In addition to medication, making the right lifestyle choices can speed up healing and prevent future ulcers.

a) Eat a Stomach-Friendly Diet

While diet alone doesn’t cause ulcers, certain foods can worsen symptoms. Here’s what you can eat and try to avoid:

• Foods That Help Heal Ulcers
  • High-fiber foods (oats, apples, carrots)
  • Probiotic-rich foods (yogurt, kefir)
  • Lean proteins (chicken, fish)
  • Healthy fats (olive oil, avocado, nuts)
• Foods to Avoid
  • Spicy foods (may worsen irritation)
  • Acidic foods (tomatoes, citrus fruits)
  • Fried and fatty foods
  • Caffeinated and carbonated drinks
  • Alcohol

b) Reduce Stress Levels

Stress doesn’t directly cause ulcers but can worsen symptoms. Managing stress can promote healing:

• Practice deep breathing or meditation.
• Exercise regularly (walking, yoga, cycling swimming).
• Get enough sleep (7-9 hours per night).

c) Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol

• Smoking slows down ulcer healing and increases recurrence.
• Alcohol irritates the stomach lining and can make ulcers worse

3. Home Remedies for Peptic Ulcer Disease

While medical treatment is essential for peptic ulcers, some natural remedies may help soothe symptoms and promote healing. These remedies are not a substitute for doctor-prescribed treatments but may provide additional relief:

• Honey
  • Honey has natural antibacterial properties and may help fight H. pylori, one of the main causes of ulcers.
  • It also helps with wound healing, which may aid in ulcer recovery.
• Aloe Vera Juice
  • Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory properties and may help soothe the stomach lining.
  • Some studies suggest it can reduce acid production and help with acid reflux symptoms.
• Probiotics (Yogurt, Fermented Foods, Supplements)
  • Probiotics introduce good bacteria that help restore balance in the gut.
  • Some studies show probiotics may reduce H. pylori levels and improve ulcer healing.
• Cabbage Juice
  • Cabbage is rich in vitamin C and has been used as a natural ulcer remedy.
  • Some studies suggest it may promote healing by strengthening the stomach lining.
• Turmeric
  • Contains curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.
  • May help reduce acid secretion and improve gut health.
• Ginger
  • Has been traditionally used to aid digestion and reduce nausea.
  • Some studies suggest it may help fight H. pylori and reduce stomach irritation.

PLEASE NOTE

• While these remedies may help, they should not replace medical treatment.
• Consult your doctor before trying these remedies, especially if you’re taking ulcer medications or any other medications
• Avoid excessive use

When to See a Doctor

• Seek medical attention immediately if you experience:
•  Vomiting blood (bright red or coffee-ground appearance).
• Black, tarry stools (a sign of bleeding).
• Severe stomach pain that doesn’t go away.
• Unexplained weight loss.

These could indicate complications like bleeding, perforation, or obstruction, requiring urgent treatment.

Final Thoughts

• Avoid excessive NSAID use – Take with food and use the lowest effective dose.
• Get tested for H. pylori if you have a history of ulcers.
• Maintain a balanced diet with gut-friendly foods.
•  Manage stress through relaxation techniques.
• Quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake.

Peptic ulcers are painful but treatable. With the right combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and dietary adjustments, most ulcers heal within 4 to 8 weeks.

If you suspect you have an ulcer, consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Early treatment can prevent serious complications and help you get back to living pain-free.

Additional Resources 

H. pylori Testing & Diagnosis – CDC

The surprising cause of stomach ulcers – Rusha Modi

Understanding Stomach and Duodenal Ulcers