Dialysis is a medical treatment that replaces the function of damaged kidneys by filtering waste, salt, and excess water from the blood. It is essential for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal failure when their kidneys can no longer function independently. There are two main types of dialysis:
Hemodialysis: Blood is filtered through a machine outside the body.
Peritoneal dialysis: The blood is filtered through the lining of the abdomen inside the body using a dialysis solution.
Each dialysis session typically lasts 3-4 hours, and most patients require at least three sessions per week to stay healthy – CITI NEWSROOM. Without it, toxins build up in the blood, leading to life-threatening complications.
A diagram showing how dialysis works, including both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis setups.
How Much Does Dialysis Cost in Ghana?
The cost of dialysis in Ghana varies depending on whether it’s done at a private or public facility. On average:
Private dialysis centers: GHS 1,000 – 2,000 per session
Public facilities (e.g., Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital): GHS 765 per session, up from GHS 380.
Patients requiring three sessions per week will spend GHS 3,000 weekly or GHS 12,000 monthly. Over the course of a year, this adds up to a staggering GHS 144,000. This financial burden often forces patients to skip treatments or rely on the generosity of family and friends, as most health insurance plans in Ghana do not cover dialysis.
Factors Driving the High Cost of Dialysis
The rising cost of dialysis in Ghana is driven by several factors, including:
Imported dialysis consumables: All dialysis supplies (e.g., dialyzers, tubing sets) are imported, with high shipping and import duties.
Energy-intensive procedures: Dialysis centers consume large amounts of electricity and water, raising operational costs.
Specialized staffing: Nephrologists, dialysis nurses, and technicians are required to manage treatments, adding labor costs.
Limited government subsidies: While some public facilities offer reduced rates, many patients still rely on out-of-pocket payments.
The Impact of High Dialysis Costs on Ghanaians
The high cost of dialysis creates serious challenges for patients and their families. Without financial assistance or subsidies, many people with chronic kidney disease are unable to afford regular dialysis. This can result in life-threatening complications such as heart failure, fluid overload, or even death.
Even in major urban centers like Accra and Kumasi, where most dialysis services are located, the financial burden remains high. Patients from rural areas often travel long distances to access care, adding transportation costs to their already stretched budgets.
How to Avoid Dialysis: Practical Kidney Health Tips
Given the financial challenges of dialysis, the best approach is preventive care. Here are four essential tips for maintaining kidney health:
1. Stay Hydrated with the DrDoGood Water Challenge
Drinking water regularly is one of the simplest ways to keep your kidneys healthy. Aim to drink 3 liters per day—1 liter in the morning, 1 in the afternoon, and 1 in the evening. Staying hydrated prevents kidney stones and supports kidney function.
For added motivation, join the DrDoGood Water Challenge via the DrDoGood app. This fun and engaging challenge helps participants track their water intake and reduce the risk of developing kidney stones.
2. Use Medication Responsibly
Overuse of certain medications, including painkillers, can harm your kidneys. Avoid purchasing medications from unregulated sources, such as roadside vendors. Always consult a healthcare professional before taking any new drugs and only use medications when necessary –Astena.
3. Reduce Salt and Processed Foods
High salt intake can strain the kidneys and raise blood pressure, increasing the risk of kidney disease. Processed foods and artificial spices are major culprits. Gradually reducing salt in your diet will improve kidney health and lower your risk of chronic conditions like hypertension.
4. Monitor Your Health Regularly
Frequent health checks are essential to catch early signs of kidney disease. Use tools like BMI and A1C calculators to track your weight and blood sugar levels, both of which are critical indicators of kidney health. Early intervention can help prevent kidney complications.
An infographic showing the relationship between hydration, kidney function, and kidney stone prevention, with a link to the DrDoGood Water Challenge.
Kidney Stones: A Silent Threat
Kidney stones are a common issue in Ghana, often caused by dehydration, high salt intake, and certain dietary habits. While kidney stones are not the same as kidney failure, untreated stones can damage the kidneys and lead to infections or long-term problems.
The DrDoGood Water Challenge is highly recommended for individuals at risk of developing kidney stones. By tracking daily water intake through the DrDoGood app, participants can ensure they stay hydrated and reduce their chances of developing stones.
The Role of Advocacy in Kidney Health Awareness
Raising awareness about kidney health is crucial, especially given the rising cost of dialysis. Advocacy efforts are needed to push for:
Better insurance coverage: Ensuring dialysis is covered under the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).
Government subsidies: Expanding subsidies for low-income patients to make dialysis more affordable.
Increased public education: Promoting healthy lifestyle habits to prevent kidney disease.
What Can Be Done to Reduce Dialysis Costs in Ghana?
There are a few strategies that could help bring down the cost of dialysis:
Local production of dialysis consumables: Manufacturing some consumables locally would reduce import costs.
Government interventions: Subsidies and partnerships with private providers can make dialysis more affordable.
Expansion of peritoneal dialysis: Encouraging the use of peritoneal dialysis could provide a more cost-effective treatment option, especially in rural areas –Biomed central.
Charitable support and crowdfunding: Some organizations and individuals use crowdfunding platforms to help cover the cost of dialysis for needy patients –Ghanweb.
Conclusion: Taking Control of Your Kidney Health
The cost of dialysis in Ghana is a major financial burden for many families, but with the right preventive measures, kidney disease can be avoided or managed effectively. By staying hydrated, eating a balanced diet, and using medications responsibly, you can protect your kidneys and avoid the need for dialysis.
For those already diagnosed with kidney disease, consulting with a specialist is essential. Book a consultation through the DrDoGood app to get personalized advice and access the resources you need to manage your health.
Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, affects millions of women worldwide, altering many aspects of their health, from reproductive concerns to infection risks. Understanding the signs and symptoms of diabetes early can make a world of difference in managing the condition effectively. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore how diabetes affects women’s health and what you can do to stay healthy.
Table of Contents:
Impact 1: Increased Risk of Infections
Impact 2: Diabetes and Fertility Struggles
Impact 3: Pregnancy Complications
Impact 4: Other Health Complications
Conclusion: Managing Diabetes for a Healthier Future
Resources and Tools
While the symptoms of diabetes can affect anyone, women face some unique health challenges, especially concerning reproductive health, infections, and pregnancy outcomes. Let’s delve into the four major ways diabetes affects women’s health.
Impact 1: Increased Risk of Infections in Diabetic Women
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Vaginal Infections
Women with diabetes mellitus are more prone to developing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and vaginal infections, particularly yeast infections. This is largely due to the body’s compromised immune response. In fact, research shows that diabetic women have a higher prevalence of recurrent UTIs compared to non-diabetic women.
Why do these infections happen? High blood sugar levels provide an ideal environment for bacteria and yeast to grow. Diabetic women are also more susceptible to vaginal candidiasis due to increased glucose in the vaginal tissues.
A diagram showing the anatomy of the female reproductive system and how bacteria travel to the bladder.
Prevention Tip: Regular blood sugar monitoring and good hygiene practices can reduce the risk of infection.
Impact 2: Diabetes and Fertility Struggles
Hormonal Imbalances and Menstrual Irregularities
Diabetes affects women’s health, especially when poorly controlled, causing hormonal imbalances that can interfere with the menstrual cycle. This often leads to irregular periods, mood swings, and decreased libido. Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are particularly at risk since insulin resistance plays a major role in both PCOS and type 2 diabetes.
How does this impact fertility? Insulin resistance can lead to higher androgen (male hormone) levels in women, which affects ovulation. Women with both diabetes and PCOS may struggle to conceive due to irregular ovulation or anovulation (lack of ovulation).
Infographic illustrating the link between insulin resistance, PCOS, and ovulation issues.
Prevention Tip: Maintaining a healthy weight and regular check-ups with your healthcare provider can help. You can also use a BMI calculator to track progress and consult a fertility expert.
Impact 3: Pregnancy Complications for Diabetic Women
Risks of Birth Defects, Miscarriages, and Macrosomia
If you’re diabetic and pregnant, managing blood sugar levels is critical from the moment of conception. High blood sugar during pregnancy, especially early on, increases the risk of birth defects. Gestational diabetes, which develops during pregnancy, also poses significant risks to both the mother and baby.
Women who are not managing their diabetes well during pregnancy are at risk for:
Birth defects due to high blood sugar early in pregnancy
Miscarriage or stillbirth later in pregnancy
Macrosomia (an overly large baby), which complicates vaginal delivery and often necessitates a caesarean section.
How does gestational diabetes differ from type 2 diabetes? While gestational diabetes is temporary, it can increase your risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. It can also result in your baby being born with low blood sugar or excessive birth weight, which can lead to delivery complications.
This shows the risks of different pregnancy outcomes for diabetic women versus non-diabetic women.
Prevention Tip: If you’re pregnant, consult your doctor to perform a glucose tolerance test early on. You can also use an A1C calculator to monitor your blood sugar throughout your pregnancy.
Impact 4: Other Diabetes-Related Complications in Women
Heart Disease, Stroke, and Amputation Risks
Diabetes affects women’s health, increasing their risk for severe health issues like heart disease, strokes, and even amputations. In fact, diabetic women are 50% more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease compared to non-diabetic women. Poorly managed diabetes can also lead to complications like:
Diabetic retinopathy, which causes vision loss or blindness.
Peripheral artery disease leads to poor circulation and possible limb amputation.
Neuropathy, which affects nerve function, particularly in the legs and feet.
These complications arise from prolonged high blood sugar levels, damaging blood vessels and nerves over time.
A visual comparison between healthy arteries and those affected by peripheral artery disease.
Prevention Tip: Keep blood sugar levels in check through a combination of medication, diet, and physical activity. Communities like the life with diabetes program can help you stay on track.
Conclusion: Managing Diabetes for a Healthier Future
Whether you’ve already been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus or you’re simply at risk, it’s important to take proactive steps in managing your health. Here are some key takeaways:
Routine Health Checks: Early detection is crucial. Regular blood sugar monitoring and A1C tests can help catch the warning signs before complications arise. Use our calculators to keep track of your health metrics.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Both for prevention and management of diabetes, staying active and eating a balanced diet are essential. Calculate your BMI here.
Consult a Doctor Regularly: If you’re a woman with diabetes, staying in touch with specialists for both diabetes management and reproductive health is key. You can speak to a diabetes expert here for more tailored advice.
By taking these steps, you can reduce the risk of complications and live a healthier, more fulfilling life even with diabetes.
Resources and Tools for Managing Diabetes
A1C Calculator: Use this to monitor your long-term blood sugar levels. Try the calculator.
BMI Calculator: Calculate your body mass index and check whether you’re at a healthy weight. Try the BMI calculator.
Speak to a Specialist: Get personalized advice from a diabetes care expert. Book a consultation here.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It spreads through sexual contact (vaginal, anal, and oral sex) and direct skin-to-skin contact with a syphilis sore. It can also be passed from a pregnant mother to her baby, which can lead to serious complications (congenital syphilis).
In this guide, we’ll talk about how syphilis affects your body, the symptoms to look out for, essential medical therapies, supportive home remedies, and prevention tips.
How do people get Syphilis?
These are the most common ways
1. Unprotected Sexual Contact
Syphilis is primarily transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex when a person comes into contact with an infected sore.
2. Skin-to-Skin Contact with a Chancre
Even if there’s no penetration, touching an open sore on the genitals, mouth, or anus can spread the bacteria.
A pregnant woman with syphilis can pass it to her baby during pregnancy or childbirth, leading to serious complications.
4. Rare Transmission through Blood Transfusion
This is extremely uncommon now due to strict screening, but it was a risk in the past.
NOTE: Syphilis does not spread through casual contact like sharing food, hugging, toilet seats, or touching objects.
How does Syphilis Affect your body
Vector medical poster syphilis. Symptoms of the disease. .
The scary thing about syphilis is that it’s a “silent” infection in many cases. People often don’t know they have it because the symptoms can be mild or mistaken for something else. Untreated syphilis can cause severe complications, including damage to the brain, heart, and nervous system.
1. Bacteria Entry– Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, which enters the body through tiny cuts in the skin or mucous membranes, usually during sexual contact.
2. Spread Through Blood and Lymph – The bacteria multiply at the infection site and then enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system, spreading throughout the body.
3. Stage Progression – Syphilis develops in stages:
Primary Stage – A painless sore (chancre) appears at the infection site.
Secondary Stage – A rash, fever, and flu-like symptoms occur as the bacteria spread further.
Latent Stage – The infection becomes silent, sometimes for years.
Tertiary Stage – If untreated, the infection can damage organs like the brain, heart, and nerves.
4. Complications – Without treatment, syphilis can cause blindness, paralysis, mental illness, or even death.
How to treat Syphilis
Syphilis is completely curable with antibiotics. The treatment depends on how long you’ve had the infection and what stage it’s in.
1. First-Line Treatment: Penicillin Injections
The best and most effective treatment for syphilis is an injection of Benzathine penicillin G (also known as Bicillin L-A).
How many shots you need depends on the stage:
Primary or Secondary Syphilis (early-stage): One dose of penicillin (1.8 million units).
Latent Syphilis (infection for more than a year): Three doses given one week apart.
Neurosyphilis (when it affects the brain or nerves): Requires a stronger regimen of IV penicillin for 10-14 days.
If you’ve ever gotten a penicillin injection, you know it’s not the most pleasant experience—it’s a deep intramuscular shot, and it can hurt a little. But it is certainly worth avoiding the complications of untreated syphilis.
Second Line Treatment
For people who are allergic to penicillin, other antibiotics can be used, such as:
Doxycycline (100 mg twice a day for 14-28 days)
Ceftriaxone (intramuscular injection for 10-14 days)
Azithromycin (single dose, but resistance is increasing, so it is not the first choice)
If you’re pregnant and allergic to penicillin, your doctor may perform desensitization—gradually introducing small doses under supervision until you can tolerate the full amount. This is crucial because penicillin is the only proven treatment to prevent congenital syphilis in babies.
Important Note: Misusing antibiotics contributes to resistance, making infections harder to treat. Always follow a doctor’s guidance when treating syphilis.
What to Expect After Treatment
Once you’re treated, your symptoms will begin to improve, but the bacteria won’t disappear immediately. It takes time for your body to fully clear the infection.
The sores or rash will heal, but it takes time. This can take a few weeks to months.
You might feel worse before you feel better. Some people experience the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction—a short-term flu-like reaction after the first treatment. This happens because the bacteria die off quickly, triggering inflammation. You might have fever, chills, headache, or muscle pain, but it usually goes away within 24 hours.
Follow-up testing is crucial. Your doctor will recommend repeat blood tests at 6, 12, and 24 months to make sure the infection is gone. MAKE SURE YOU ATTEND ALL YOUR APPOINTMENTS. With DRDOGOOD, long cues are never an issue. You consultation can start in the next 5mins.
You can get syphilis again even after treatment. If your partner isn’t treated or you have unprotected sex with someone who has the infection, reinfection is possible.
Home Remedies To SUPPORT Treatment
It’s important to understand that the medical treatment is the ONLY way to treat syphilis. Home remedies can provide symptomatic relief, but they will not TREAT or CURE the infection.
Below are some natural ways to support your recovery:
1. Boost Your Immune System
Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins to help your body fight infection.
Increase vitamin C intake (citrus fruits, bell peppers) to promote healing.
Get enough sleep (7-9 hours per night) to aid recovery.
Stay hydrated to flush out toxins.
2. Probiotics for Gut Health
Antibiotics can disrupt your gut microbiome, leading to digestive issues.
Eat yogurt and kefir or take probiotic supplements(like Bifimax) to restore healthy bacteria.
3. Herbal Support (With extreme Caution)
Garlic: Has antibacterial properties that may help support overall immunity.
Turmeric: Contains anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce symptoms like swollen lymph nodes.
Green tea: Rich in antioxidants that promote healing.
4. Stress Reduction & Rest
Chronic stress weakens the immune system. Try meditation, deep breathing, or yoga.
Engage in light exercise, like walking, to improve circulation and recovery.
Avoid sexual activity until your treatment is complete and a doctor confirms the infection is gone.
Wash hands regularly to prevent spreading bacteria.
Change towels, bed linens, and underwear frequently.
Important Reminder:
These remedies do not replace antibiotics. If you don’t treat syphilis, it can lead to serious complications like organ damage and neurological problems. Always follow your doctor’s prescribed treatment plan for full recovery.
Preventing Syphilis
Prevention is always better than treatment. Follow these steps to protect yourself:
1. Use condoms or dental dams during sex. They lower the risk of transmission, though they don’t offer complete protection since syphilis spreads through skin-to-skin contact.
2. Get regular STI tests. Routine screening, especially if you have multiple partners, helps detect syphilis early and prevents complications.
3. Avoid sexual contact if you or your partner have symptoms. If you notice a sore, rash, or any unusual symptoms, get tested before engaging in sex.
4. Talk to your partner(s) about STI testing. Open conversations about sexual health protect both of you from infections.
5. Consider PrEP if you’re at higher risk. While PrEP mainly prevents HIV, people at high risk for HIV are also more vulnerable to syphilis.
Final thoughts
No home remedies, over-the-counter treatments, or alternative therapies can cure syphilis. You must see a doctor and take the proper antibiotics.
That said, you can support your recovery by:
Take all prescribed medications exactly as directed.
Avoiding sexual activity until you complete treatment and test negative.
Practicing safe sex by using condoms and getting regular STI tests.
Encourage your partner(s) to get tested and treated if needed.
Genital warts are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). While they can be uncomfortable and distressing, they are treatable.
There are effective treatments to help remove warts, relieve discomfort, and prevent recurrence.
We’ll discuss what genital warts are, how they affect the body, the best medical and home treatments, and how to prevent future outbreaks.
What Are Genital Warts?
Genital Warts appear as small, flesh-colored or grayish bumps in the genital or anal area. They can be:
Flat or raised
Smooth or cauliflower-like in texture
Singular or clustered
These warts don’t always cause pain, but some people experience itching, irritation, or discomfort during sex.
What Causes Genital Warts?
HPV types 6 and 11 cause 90% of genital warts. This virus spreads through skin-to-skin contact, primarily during sexual activity.
What Happens in the Body When You Have Genital Warts?
HPV infects skin cells, causing them to grow abnormally. Here’s how it works:
HPV enters the body through tiny breaks in the skin.
It hides inside skin cells, making them multiply abnormally.
Warts develop weeks or months after infection.
Your immune system tries to fight it off, but in some cases, the virus stays dormant and causes warts to return.
How Common Are Genital Warts?
Genital warts are very common. According to the CDC:
1 in 100 sexually active adults has genital warts at any given time.
HPV affects nearly 80% of sexually active people at some point in their lives.
Young adults (ages 20-39) are at the highest risk.
While genital warts are not cancerous, HPV can increase the risk of Cervical cancer (in women, Penile, anal, and throat cancers (in men and women). That’s why early detection and treatment are crucial.
How to Treat Genital Warts
1. See a Doctor for Diagnosis
Before starting any treatment, consult a healthcare provider. Your doctor may use:
Visual examination – Looking at the warts.
Acetic acid test – Applying vinegar to highlight warts.
HPV testing – Also available as a self-test at some facilities like Marie Stopes through DrDoGood.
2. Medical Treatments
If diagnosed, your doctor may recommend:
Topical Treatments (Prescription Creams)
These destroy wart tissue or boost the immune system:
Imiquimod – Stimulates the immune system. (Wash off 6-10 hours after application).
Podophyllin & Podofilox – Chemically destroy warts. (Must be washed off after 1-4 hours.)
Warning: Do not use over-the-counter wart removers—they are NOT safe for genital warts!
In-Office Procedures If creams don’t work, doctors may recommend:
Cryotherapy (Freezing) – Uses liquid nitrogen to freeze off warts.
Electrocautery (Burning) – Uses an electric current to destroy warts.
Laser Therapy – Destroys larger warts with high-intensity light.
Surgical Removal – Cutting out warts under local anesthesia.
3. Home Remedies & Lifestyle Adjustments
While home remedies do NOT cure genital warts, they can ease symptoms:
A. Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)
How to Use:
1. Mix equal parts ACV and water.
2. Soak a cotton ball and apply it to the wart.
3. Leave it on for 10-15 minutes, then rinse.
WARNING: ACV can cause burns and irritation. Do NOT use it inside the vagina or anus.
B. Boosting Immunity to Fight HPV
A strong immune system helps your body clear HPV naturally.
Best Foods for Immunity:
-Fruits & Vegetables – High in Vitamin C (e.g., oranges, spinach).
-Lean Proteins – Supports immune function (e.g., fish, chicken).
-Probiotic Foods – Boosts gut health (e.g., yogurt, kimchi).
Need a meal plan? A registered dietitian on DrDoGood can help!
Eczema is a chronic skin condition causing redness, itching, dryness, and inflammation. In this comprehensive guide we will provide you with everything you need to know about eczema, from its causes and symptoms to the best treatment and prevention strategies.
By the end of this guide, you’ll have a clear understanding of:
The different types of eczema
What triggers flare-ups
How to treat eczema with medical and home remedies
Preventive measures to reduce flare-ups
What is Eczema?
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a condition that causes the skin to become dry, itchy, inflamed, and irritated. It is not contagious, but it can significantly impact a person’s quality of life, leading to discomfort and, in severe cases, skin infections.
How Common is Eczema?
Worldwide: Eczema affects about 15-20% of children and 2-10% of adults globally. (WHO)
Africa: Studies suggest that eczema prevalence in African countries varies between 4% and 25%. (NCBI)
Types of Eczema
Eczema is not a one-size-fits-all condition; there are several types, each with its unique characteristics:
1. Atopic Dermatitis (Most Common Type)
Symptoms: Dry, itchy, and inflamed skin; common in babies and children.
Triggers: Genetics, allergens, irritants, and a weakened skin barrier.
2. Contact Dermatitis
Symptoms: Redness, irritation, and blisters after contact with an irritant or allergen.
Triggers: Soaps, fragrances, detergents(like your washing powder), and certain metals (like nickel).
3. Dyshidrotic Eczema
Symptoms: Small, itchy blisters on hands and feet.
Triggers: Stress, allergies, and exposure to metals like cobalt or nickel.
4. Nummular Eczema
Symptoms: Round, coin-shaped spots of irritated skin.
Triggers: Dry skin, insect bites, or skin injuries.
5. Seborrheic Dermatitis
Symptoms: Scaly, greasy patches on the scalp, face, and chest.
Triggers: Hormonal changes, stress, and yeast overgrowth.
6. Stasis Dermatitis
Symptoms: Swelling and skin discoloration on the lower legs.
Triggers: Poor circulation, varicose veins, and blood flow issues.
What Happens in the Skin When You Have Eczema?
Eczema is like a glitch in your skin’s defense system. Normally, your skin acts as a strong barrier, keeping moisture in and harmful stuff like bacteria, allergens, and irritants out. But in people with eczema, this barrier is weak and leaky, leading to dryness, irritation, and inflammation.
Here’s a simple breakdown of what happens:
Weak Skin Barrier:
Imagine your skin is a brick wall. In eczema, some of the “bricks” (skin cells) and “cement” (natural oils) are missing. This means moisture escapes too easily, and irritants can sneak in.
Overactive Immune Response:
Your immune system mistakes harmless things (like dust, soaps, or even stress) as threats and attacks your skin.
This leads to redness, swelling, itching, and rashes.
Inflammation and Itching:
The immune response releases chemicals that make the skin even more irritated.
This causes intense itching, which makes people scratch—damaging the skin further and worsening the cycle.
Bacteria and Infection Risk:
Because the skin barrier is weak, bacteria and germs can enter more easily, increasing the risk of skin infections.
Chronic Flare-Ups:
Eczema doesn’t stay the same every day. Some things—like stress, cold weather, or scented products—trigger flare-ups, making symptoms worse.
In summary, eczema is a combination of weak skin, an overactive immune system, and inflammation.
Common Causes & Triggers of Eczema
While the exact cause of eczema isn’t fully understood, researchers believe it results from a combination of genetics and environmental triggers.
1. Genetic Factors
If one or both parents have eczema, asthma, or hay fever, their child has a higher risk of developing eczema.
A mutation in the filaggrin gene, which helps maintain a healthy skin barrier, has been linked to eczema.
You destroy your skin barrier when you
Overuse exfoliants and chemical peels
Use strong cleansers
Use alcohol based products on your face
Frequent washing with hot water (depletes moisture)
prolonged sun exposure
Dehydration
Poor sleep
Excessive Caffeine
2. Environmental Triggers
Allergens: Pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mold.
Irritants: Harsh soaps, detergents, and fragrances.
Climate: Extremely hot or cold weather, humidity, and dry air.
Stress: Emotional stress can weaken the immune system, worsening eczema symptoms.
Hormones: Hormonal changes during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can trigger flare-ups.
Symptoms of Eczema
Eczema symptoms vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe.
Common Symptoms Include:
Itching: Often intense and worse at night.
Dry, cracked skin: Can become rough and scaly.
Red or inflamed patches: Common on the face, hands, elbows, and knees.
Blisters or oozing skin: More common in severe cases.
Thickened skin: Prolonged scratching can lead to lichenification (thick, leathery skin).
How to Treat Eczema
1. Medical Treatments
Doctors often recommend the following treatments for eczema (Note they can have pretty severe side effects if not taken under the guidance of a doctor):
Topical Steroids (Corticosteroids): Reduce inflammation and itching.
Moisturizers & Emollients: Maintain the skin barrier and prevent dryness.
Antihistamines: Help relieve itching and improve sleep.
Calcineurin Inhibitors (Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus): Used for sensitive areas like the face and neck.
Oral Medications: In severe cases, immunosuppressants like cyclosporine may be prescribed.
2. Home Remedies & Natural Treatments (These are not scientifically proven but they have been reported to help).
Oatmeal Baths: Helps soothe itchy, inflamed skin.
Coconut Oil: Contains anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
Aloe Vera Gel: Hydrates and calms irritated skin.
3. Lifestyle Adjustments to Manage Eczema
Eczema can be managed effectively with lifestyle modifications that reduce flare-ups and maintain skin health. Here’s how:
A. Use Fragrance-Free Soaps and Lotions
Fragrances and harsh chemicals in skincare products can trigger flare-ups.
Instead:
Opt for hypoallergenic, fragrance-free cleansers and moisturizers.
Look for products labeled “dermatologist-recommended” or “for sensitive skin.”
Apply a thick moisturizer immediately after bathing to lock in moisture.
B. Wear Loose-Fitting, Cotton Clothing
Tight or synthetic fabrics can irritate sensitive skin and worsen symptoms.
Instead:
Choose soft, breathable fabrics like cotton and bamboo.
Avoid wool and polyester, which can cause friction and itching.
Wash new clothes before wearing them to remove potential irritants.
C. Avoid Long, Hot Showers
Hot water can strip the skin of its natural oils, worsening dryness and irritation. To protect your skin:
Take lukewarm showers for no longer than 10-15 minutes.
Pat the skin dry with a soft towel—do not rub.
Apply moisturizer within 3 minutes of drying off to seal in hydration.
D. Keep Your Home Dust-Free
Dust mites, pet dander, and mold are common environmental triggers. To reduce exposure:
Sweep and dust regularly to minimize allergens.
Use air filters to remove airborne irritants.
Wash bed sheets, pillowcases, and blankets weekly in hot water to eliminate dust mites.
E. Manage Stress and Get Enough Sleep
Stress and lack of sleep can weaken the immune system and trigger flare-ups. To manage stress:
Practice mindfulness, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.
Create a consistent bedtime routine to improve sleep quality.
Engage in light exercise like walking or stretching to relieve tension.
F. Stay Hydrated and Eat an Anti-Inflammatory Diet
Hydration and nutrition play a crucial role:
Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep skin hydrated.
Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (salmon, flaxseeds, walnuts) to reduce inflammation.
Avoid processed foods, excessive sugar, and dairy (if it worsens your eczema).
Preventing Flare-Ups
While eczema cannot always be prevented, these steps can help reduce flare-ups:
1. Maintain Proper Skincare
Apply a thick moisturizer twice daily.
Use a gentle cleanser (avoid soaps with sulfates).
For some, eczema improves with age. However, many people continue to experience flare-ups throughout adulthood.
Eczema can be challenging, but with the right skincare routine, lifestyle changes, and medical treatments, you can effectively manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups.
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is a common digestive condition that causes painful sores in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). These ulcers can lead to symptoms such as burning stomach pain, bloating, nausea, and in severe cases, internal bleeding.
The good news is that peptic ulcers are treatable. With the right medical therapy, lifestyle changes, and preventive measures, you can heal ulcers and prevent complications. In this guide we will walk you through the best treatment options and how to manage PUD effectively.
Understanding Peptic UlcerDisease
Your stomach produces acid to help digest food, but this acid is so strong that it could damage the stomach lining. To protect itself, the stomach has a special mucus layer that acts like a shield. Peptic ulcer disease happens when something weakens this shield, allowing acid to burn and create open sores (ulcers) in the stomach or the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
The two most common reasons for this are:
Frequent use of NSAIDs (painkillers like ibuprofen or aspirin) – These medications reduce the stomach’s ability to produce protective mucus, leaving the lining exposed to acid.
H. pylori infection – This is a type of bacteria that can survive in the stomach’s harsh environment. It damages the protective mucus layer, making the stomach lining more vulnerable to acid.
Other factors like stress, spicy foods, and smoking can make symptoms worse but don’t directly cause ulcers.
When the acid erodes the stomach lining, it can lead to epigastricpain (which can feel like chest pain), bleeding, and in severe cases, perforation (a hole in the stomach).
Types of Peptic Ulcers
Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine due to excessive acid exposure. They are classified based on their location:
1. Gastric Ulcers
These ulcers form in the lining of the stomach.
Symptoms often worsen after eating because food triggers acid production, irritating the ulcer.
More common in older adults
2. Duodenal Ulcers
These ulcers develop in the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
Symptoms tend to improve after eating but worsen a few hours later or at night when the stomach is empty.
More common in younger adults.
3. Esophageal Ulcers
These ulcers occur in the esophagus due to acid reflux or chronic irritation from medications or alcohol.
Symptoms include pain while swallowing, heartburn, and chest pain.
4. Stress Ulcers
These ulcers develop due to severe stress, such as critical illness, trauma, or major surgery.
Often found in hospitalized patients, especially those in intensive care.
5. Refractory Ulcers
These are ulcers that do not heal despite treatment.
Causes include continued H. pylori infection, excessive NSAID use, or underlying conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (a rare disorder causing excessive acid production).
Understanding the type of ulcer helps in choosing the right treatment plan for faster healing and symptom relief.
How to Treat Peptic Ulcer Disease
1. Medical Treatments for Peptic Ulcers
The primary goal of treating PUD is to heal the ulcer, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications.
a) Treating H. pylori Infection
If an H. pylori infection is responsible for your ulcer, your doctor will prescribe a combination of antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria.
PPI + Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) + Metronidazole + Tetracycline.
Used when standard therapy fails.
After treatment, a follow-up test (such as a stool antigen test or breath test) is needed to confirm that H. pylori has been eradicated. This is why it’s important that your treatment is directed by a doctor.
b) Medications to Reduce Stomach Acid
Even if H. pylori is not present, reducing stomach acid is essential for ulcer healing. The following medications are commonly prescribed:
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) – These are the most effective acid-suppressing drugs, allowing the ulcer to heal faster. Common PPIs include:
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
H2-Receptor Blockers – These drugs also reduce stomach acid but are slightly less effective than PPIs. Examples include:
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Antacids – These provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid but don’t promote ulcer healing. Common antacids include:
Calcium carbonate (Tums)
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
Aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)
Protective Agents (Mucosal Protectants) – These coat the stomach lining, acting as a barrier against acid. Examples include:
Sucralfate (Carafate) – Forms a protective layer over the ulcer.
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) – Has antibacterial properties against H. pylori.
c) Discontinuing NSAIDs
If NSAIDs caused your ulcer, stopping or reducing their use is crucial. If you need pain relief, your doctor may recommend:
Switching to acetaminophen (Tylenol) instead of NSAIDs.
Using low-dose NSAIDs with a PPI for stomach protection.
However be aware that these also carry their risks. You should let your doctor explore the cause of your pain so the source of it can be treated and you can avoid being reliant on painkillers.
2. Lifestyle and Dietary Changes
In addition to medication, making the right lifestyle choices can speed up healing and prevent future ulcers.
a) Eat a Stomach-Friendly Diet
While diet alone doesn’t cause ulcers, certain foods can worsen symptoms. Here’s what you can eat and try to avoid:
Foods That Help Heal Ulcers
High-fiber foods (oats, apples, carrots)
Probiotic-rich foods (yogurt, kefir)
Lean proteins (chicken, fish)
Healthy fats (olive oil, avocado, nuts)
Foods to Avoid
Spicy foods (may worsen irritation)
Acidic foods (tomatoes, citrus fruits)
Fried and fatty foods
Caffeinated and carbonated drinks
Alcohol
b) Reduce Stress Levels
Stress doesn’t directly cause ulcers but can worsen symptoms. Managing stress can promote healing:
Smoking slows down ulcer healing and increases recurrence.
Alcohol irritates the stomach lining and can make ulcers worse
3. Home Remedies for Peptic UlcerDisease
While medical treatment is essential for peptic ulcers, some natural remedies may help soothe symptoms and promote healing. These remedies are not a substitute for doctor-prescribed treatments but may provide additional relief:
Honey
Honey has natural antibacterial properties and may help fight H. pylori, one of the main causes of ulcers.
It also helps with wound healing, which may aid in ulcer recovery.
Aloe Vera Juice
Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory properties and may help soothe the stomach lining.
Some studies suggest it can reduce acid production and help with acid reflux symptoms.
Probiotics (Yogurt, Fermented Foods, Supplements)
Probiotics introduce good bacteria that help restore balance in the gut.
Some studies show probiotics may reduce H. pylori levels and improve ulcer healing.
Cabbage Juice
Cabbage is rich in vitamin C and has been used as a natural ulcer remedy.
Some studies suggest it may promote healing by strengthening the stomach lining.
Turmeric
Contains curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.
May help reduce acid secretion and improve gut health.
Ginger
Has been traditionally used to aid digestion and reduce nausea.
Some studies suggest it may help fight H. pylori and reduce stomach irritation.
PLEASE NOTE
While these remedies may help, they should not replace medical treatment.
Consult your doctor before trying these remedies, especially if you’re taking ulcer medications or any other medications
Avoid excessive use
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention immediately if you experience:
Vomiting blood (bright red or coffee-ground appearance).
Black, tarry stools (a sign of bleeding).
Severe stomach pain that doesn’t go away.
Unexplained weight loss.
These could indicate complications like bleeding, perforation, or obstruction, requiring urgent treatment.
Final Thoughts
Avoid excessive NSAID use – Take with food and use the lowest effective dose.
Get tested for H. pylori if you have a history of ulcers.
Maintain a balanced diet with gut-friendly foods.
Manage stress through relaxation techniques.
Quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake.
Peptic ulcers are painful but treatable. With the right combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and dietary adjustments, most ulcers heal within 4 to 8 weeks.
If you suspect you have an ulcer, consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Early treatment can prevent serious complications and help you get back to living pain-free.
Often diagnosed late, Pancreatic Cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. It is a rare but aggressive cancer that begins in the tissues of the pancreas, an essential organ that helps with digestion and blood sugar regulation.
We’ll break down what pancreatic cancer is, its symptoms, risk factors, prevention strategies, and treatment options.
What Is the Pancreas and What Does It Do?
The pancreas is a small, fish-shaped organ located behind your stomach.
(Pancreaticcancer action.org)
It plays two crucial roles:
Digestive function – It produces enzymes that help break down food.
Blood sugar control – It releases insulin and glucagon to regulate sugar levels.
Consequently, when cancer develops in the pancreas, it disrupts these functions, leading to severe health issues.
How Does Pancreatic Cancer Develop?
Pancreatic cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the pancreas multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor.
The most common type is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which affects the ducts carrying digestive enzymes.
Early Signs and Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer
Unsurprisingly, is often referred to as a silent disease because symptoms don’t appear until the later stages.
(Pancreaticcancer action.org)
Some warning signs to look out for include:
Digestive Issues and Abdominal Pain
Unexplained nausea and vomiting
A dull, persistent pain in the upper abdomen or back
Loss of appetite and sudden weight loss
2. Obstructive Jaundice (Yellowing of Skin and Eyes)
Yellowing of skin and eyes
(CDC Photo library, scleral Jaundice)
Dark-colored urine
Pale, greasy stools(difficult to flush)
3. Uncontrolled Blood Sugar Levels
Pancreatic tumors can interfere with insulin production, causing new-onset diabetes or worsening of existing diabetes.
4. Fatigue and Weakness
General weakness, exhaustion, or anemia due to the body’s inability to absorb nutrients properly.
If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, book a consultation as soon as possible for proper evaluation.
What Causes Pancreatic Cancer? (Risk Factors)
While the exact cause isn’t fully understood, certain factors can increase your risk of developing pancreatic cancer:
1. Lifestyle-Related Risks
Smoking – Smokers are 2-3 times more likely to develop pancreatic cancer.
Heavy alcohol consumption – Can lead to chronic pancreatitis, a known risk factor.
Unhealthy diet – Diets high in processed meats, red meat, and fried foods may contribute to pancreatic cancer risk.
2. Medical Conditions
Chronic pancreatitis – Long-term inflammation of the pancreas.
Obesity – Excess weight can increase inflammation and hormone imbalances.
Diabetes – Long-term diabetes can make the pancreas more susceptible to cancer.
3. Genetic and Family History Factors
A family history of pancreatic, ovarian, or breast cancer.
Genetic mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2, linked to breast and ovarian cancer, also increase risk.
Can Pancreatic Cancer Be Prevented?
While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent it, lifestyle changes can significantly reduce your risk:
Quit smoking – This is one of the biggest preventable risk factors.
Maintain a healthy diet – Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while cutting down on processed meats.
Exercise regularly – Staying active helps prevent obesity, a key risk factor.
Limit alcohol intake – Heavy drinking can lead to chronic pancreatitis, which increases cancer risk.
Manage diabetes effectively – Keeping blood sugar levels stable can help reduce pancreatic strain. Book a consultation with a diabetes expert on DRDOGOOD to help regulate your sugars. You can also join the Diabetes WhatsApp Community to learn more about diabetes.
How Is Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosed?
Early detection is challenging but key, doctors use the following tests:
Imaging scans – CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound to visualize tumors.
Blood tests – Checking for tumor markers like CA 19-9.
Biopsy – A sample of pancreatic tissue is taken for examination.
Since early symptoms are vague, regular check-ups are important, especially if you have the risk factors.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the stage of cancer and overall health. Options include:
🩺 Surgery – If caught early, removing the tumor (e.g., Whipple procedure) may be possible.
💉 Chemotherapy & Radiation – Used when surgery isn’t an option or to kill remaining cancer cells.
🧬 Targeted therapy & Immunotherapy – Newer treatments focus on specific cancer cells with fewer side effects.
Because it is often diagnosed late, a combination of treatments is usually recommended.
Final Thoughts: Know the Signs, Reduce Your Risk
Pancreatic cancer is a serious but preventable disease. While it often goes undetected in the early stages, recognizing symptoms, managing risk factors, and adopting a healthy lifestyle can make a big difference.
If you experience unexplained abdominal pain, jaundice, or sudden weight loss, don’t ignore it—seek medical advice as early as possible.
For more information, check out these trusted sources:
Regular health screenings save lives. In Ghana, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like hypertension, diabetes, and cervical cancer are on the rise, causing 45% of deaths. Early detection through screenings can prevent severe complications and improve quality of life. Here are 7 critical health checks every adult in Ghana should prioritize:
Blood Pressure Check: 27.3% of adults live with hypertension, yet only 4.1% manage it effectively. Regular checks reduce stroke and heart attack risks.
Blood Sugar Test: With 6% of adults affected by diabetes, early testing helps prevent complications like kidney disease and blindness.
Cervical Cancer Screening: Ghana sees 2,800 cervical cancer cases annually. Pap smears and HPV tests reduce mortality by up to 74%.
HIV Screening: Over 350,000 people live with HIV in Ghana. Early testing ensures timely treatment and prevents transmission.
Hepatitis B Test: With a 12.3% prevalence rate, regular testing can prevent liver damage and cancer.
Cholesterol Test: High cholesterol is a silent risk for heart disease. Regular monitoring is key.
TB Screening: With an incidence rate of 226 per 100,000, early TB detection is critical, especially for high-risk groups.
Why It Matters
Access to screenings is improving through initiatives like the NHIS and CHPS, but rural areas still face challenges. Taking advantage of available services can significantly reduce health risks.
Make your health a priority – schedule these screenings today.
1. Blood Pressure Check
Health Risk Addressed by the Screening
In Ghana, hypertension was responsible for 15.3% of deaths in 2017, highlighting the importance of regular blood pressure checks. Often called the "silent killer", high blood pressure typically goes unnoticed until it leads to serious health issues. It also accounts for 91% of stroke risks in the country.
Recommended Frequency of the Test
Regular monitoring is key to catching problems early. A 2018 study in the Ashanti region revealed that 20.1% of residents had never had their blood pressure checked. Adults, particularly those over 40 or with risk factors, should adhere to local healthcare recommendations for screenings.
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
Programs like Healthy Heart Africa (HHA) have improved access to blood pressure screenings. Since July 2019, HHA has screened over 817,000 people in 35 facilities across the Ashanti region. More than 165,000 individuals with elevated readings have been referred for treatment.
The Community-based Hypertension Improvement Project (ComHIP) in the Lower Manya Krobo District has also made a difference. It increased hypertension control rates from 36% to 72%, with average blood pressure reductions of 12 mmHg systolic and 7 mmHg diastolic.
Relevance to the Local Population
About 27.3% of Ghanaian adults live with hypertension, yet only 4.1% of these individuals manage their condition effectively. Regular screenings can significantly reduce risks – cutting the likelihood of stroke by 35–40% and heart attack or heart failure by 20–25%.
Blood pressure checks are widely available at local health centers, CHPS compounds, and through community health initiatives. Many facilities include these tests in routine check-ups under the National Health Insurance Scheme. Next, we’ll dive into how monitoring blood sugar levels can help protect your health further.
2. Blood Sugar Testing
Health Risks Addressed by the Screening
Type 2 diabetes impacts around 6% of Ghanaian adults, with related conditions like hypertension (63%), microalbuminuria (43%), and complications (20%) also being common. In the Cape Coast Metropolis, 14.2% of residents are prediabetic, while 3.84% have diabetes. Women are more affected by prediabetes (15.33%) compared to men (12.62%). Just like blood pressure monitoring, early blood sugar testing plays a key role in preventing serious complications.
Recommended Frequency of the Test
For adults without risk factors, blood sugar testing should start at age 35 and be done every three years. However, those who are overweight, have a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher, or have a family history of diabetes should begin testing earlier and do so more frequently. These recommendations highlight the need for accessible testing options throughout Ghana.
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
In the Bono Region, only 49% of 137 healthcare facilities offer glucose testing. On average, patients travel 7.4 km (4.6 miles) over 94 minutes to access these services. In the remote Banda district, the journey extends to 13.3 km (8.3 miles) and takes about 146 minutes.
Relevance to the Local Population
Non-communicable diseases are a growing concern in Ghana, making early diabetes detection essential. Community nurses in rural areas are using glucometers and mobile phones to screen residents proactively. A pilot program found 2% of participants had diabetes, while 19.8% were prediabetic. Programs like Ghana’s Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) are working to reduce distance-related barriers to care, though financial challenges remain. Early detection is especially important, as nearly all urban patients diagnosed with diabetes are already on medication.
Learn more about local screening efforts in our CHPS program article.
3. Cervical Cancer Test
Health Risks Addressed by the Screening
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in Ghana. Each year, about 2,800 women are diagnosed, and 1,700 lose their lives to the disease. By 2025, these numbers are expected to rise to over 5,000 cases and 3,300 deaths annually. Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 16 and 18, is linked to 50.5% of these cases. Regular Pap smear tests have proven effective, reducing annual cervical cancer mortality by about 2% and cutting overall deaths by 74%.
Recommended Frequency of the Test
Women in Ghana are encouraged to follow these screening guidelines:
Ages 25–49: Every 3 years
Ages 50–64: Every 5 years
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
Currently, fewer than 3% of eligible women in Ghana undergo cervical cancer screening. To address this gap, several organizations offer affordable testing options:
The Cervical Cancer Prevention and Training Centre (CCPTC) has made significant progress by training 271 health workers across 184 institutions in 119 districts within Ghana’s 16 regions. For screening services, Marie Stopes Ghana can be contacted via their toll-free number (0800 20 85 85) or WhatsApp (0244208585).
Relevance to the Local Population
Efforts to combat cervical cancer in Ghana are gaining traction. In September 2021, mPharma launched the 10,000 Women Initiative, which aims to provide free HPV DNA testing to 6,000 women nationwide. The CCPTC also organizes community outreach programs, offering free screenings to women who cannot afford the standard fees. Studies show that regular screening can lower the risk of advanced cervical cancer by an average of 90% for women aged 35–64.
Next, we take a look at another critical screening: HIV Screening.
4. HIV Screening
Health Risks Addressed by the Screening
HIV continues to pose a serious health challenge in Ghana, with 354,927 individuals living with the virus and 16,574 new cases reported in 2022. Women are disproportionately affected, making up 66% of Ghana’s HIV-positive population. Without early detection, HIV can progress to AIDS, severely weakening the immune system and leaving individuals vulnerable to life-threatening infections.
Recommended Frequency of Testing
How often someone should get tested depends on their risk level. For instance, pregnant women are tested during their first prenatal visit, while individuals at higher risk are advised to test more frequently.
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
Government facilities and some private clinics in Ghana offer free HIV testing. Efforts to make testing more accessible include self-testing kits, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and mobile testing units for rural areas. However, testing rates remain low – only 13% of women and 6% of men in Ghana reported getting tested in the past year. You can find more information about free testing locations in our Health Facilities Directory.
Relevance to the Local Population
HIV has a significant impact on young women in Ghana. Research shows that only 31.4% of young women have ever been tested for HIV, even though they represent a large share of new infections. Regional disparities add to the concern. For example, in the Wa Municipality, HIV prevalence among pregnant women rose from 3.2% in 2006 to 5.8% in 2007. On a positive note, enhanced service delivery at the Kpone Polyclinic increased the rate of linkage to antiretroviral therapy from 85% to 99%.
Looking ahead, integrating Hepatitis B testing into HIV care could offer a more comprehensive approach to managing these health challenges.
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5. Hepatitis B Test
Health Risks Addressed by the Screening
Hepatitis B is a major health concern in Ghana, with a national prevalence rate of 12.3%. Early detection, much like blood pressure or blood sugar testing, can help prevent severe complications. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can lead to serious liver issues, with 10–33% of infected individuals developing chronic hepatitis, and 20–50% of those cases progressing to liver cirrhosis. In West Africa, HBV is linked to 55–70% of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) cases. Alarmingly, while liver cancer often appears around age 60 in Western Europe, the average onset age in Africa is just 33 years.
Recommended Frequency of Testing
Testing frequency depends on individual risk factors. Those at higher risk should consider more frequent testing, including:
Individuals with multiple sexual partners
People living with someone who has HBV
Those with elevated liver enzyme levels
Individuals born in regions with high HBV prevalence (≥8%)
Healthcare providers can help determine the best testing schedule based on personal risk and exposure history.
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
Ghana has made progress in prevention through its infant vaccination program, achieving an impressive 99% coverage. However, testing access for adults remains limited. The National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme (NVHCP) is actively working to expand testing and treatment options nationwide. These efforts aim to increase awareness and encourage community-based interventions.
"The hepatitis C treatment project is the first person-centred intervention by the government that responds directly to the needs of people affected by hepatitis. We are exploring partnerships to support delivery so that eliminating hepatitis in Ghana can be put on sound footing."
Dr Atsu Seake-Kwawu, Programme Manager of the NVHCP
Relevance to the Local Population
In 2019, over 3,500 deaths in Ghana were attributed to viral hepatitis, with roughly half of liver cancer deaths linked to HBV. Given the high prevalence of the disease, regular testing is essential for protecting public health. A study among Ghanaian university students revealed that only 38.2% had been vaccinated against HBV. Proactive testing is a critical part of Ghana’s strategy to improve health outcomes.
"As WHO, we are excited that the fight against viral hepatitis is fast gaining momentum in Ghana. Alongside efforts to make treatment available across the country, we continue to support Ghana to do more on viral hepatitis prevention and risk reduction."
Professor Francis Kasolo, WHO Representative to Ghana
These insights highlight the importance of regular HBV testing as a cornerstone of health improvement efforts in Ghana.
6. Cholesterol Testing
Health Risks Addressed by the Screening
High cholesterol is a silent threat. It doesn’t show symptoms but can lead to serious problems. Excess cholesterol builds up in your arteries, forming plaques (atherosclerosis) that restrict blood flow. This increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Recommended Frequency of Testing
How often you should get your cholesterol checked depends on your age, gender, and risk factors. Here’s a quick guide:
Gender
Age Range
Testing Frequency
Male
20–44 years
Every 5 years
Male
45–65 years
Every 1–2 years
Male
65+ years
Annually
Female
20–54 years
Every 5 years
Female
55–65 years
Every 1–2 years
Female
65+ years
Annually
If you have conditions like heart disease, diabetes, or a family history of high cholesterol, you’ll likely need testing more often. These intervals matter, especially since access to testing differs across Ghana.
Accessibility of Testing Services in Ghana
In Ghana, access to cholesterol testing varies widely. As of 2024, Diamed Diagnostical Centre offers full lipid profile tests in cities like Accra, Tamale, Kumasi, and Takoradi. Yet, only about half of district hospitals have the ability to perform these tests, highlighting the need for better diagnostic services in the country.
Relevance to the Local Population
Cholesterol testing is especially critical for people in Ghana’s urban areas. Studies show that urban residents tend to have higher total and LDL cholesterol levels compared to those in rural areas. Urban lifestyles often include risk factors like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, making regular screening essential to catch and prevent cardiovascular issues early.
Next, we’ll dive into TB Screening, a key part of ensuring both cardiovascular and respiratory health.
Graphic Clinic Health Screening Exercise
7. TB Screening
After HIV screening, addressing TB is just as important, especially in areas where both diseases are prevalent. TB remains a major public health challenge in Ghana due to how easily it spreads and the severe health complications it can cause. With an incidence rate of 226 per 100,000 people, TB spreads quickly in Ghana, leading to serious respiratory conditions.
Why TB Screening Matters
TB screening plays a key role in identifying and controlling this infectious disease. Ghana’s high HIV/TB burden makes early detection essential to prevent its spread and reduce complications in affected communities.
How Often Should You Get Tested?
The frequency of TB screening depends on your risk factors. Here’s a breakdown:
Risk Category
Screening Frequency
Notes
General Population
As advised by your healthcare provider
Based on symptom assessment
HIV-positive Individuals
At every healthcare visit; annual X-ray during viral load testing
Mining Workers
Semi-annually or annually
Workplace screening programs
Healthcare Workers
Annually
Part of occupational health checks
Prison Inmates
At entry, annually, and before release
Mandatory screenings
Where to Get Tested in Ghana
TB screening services are available at several facilities, with costs as follows:
UN-IOM Migration Health Assessment Centre (Accra & Kumasi)
Adults (11 years and older): $85
Children (under 11 years): $50
These accessible services ensure more people can benefit from early detection and treatment.
Why This Matters for Ghanaians
TB screening is especially important in Ghana due to the high prevalence of the disease. In 2020, the national prevalence for bacteriologically confirmed cases was 356 per 100,000 people. The situation is even more alarming in artisanal mining communities, where rates reach 910 per 100,000 people screened.
"Screening can benefit the entire community by reducing the prevalence of TB and averting future disease." – World Health Organization
Additionally, 5.3% of TB cases in mining areas show resistance to rifampicin, underscoring the urgent need for routine testing in high-risk groups. By prioritizing TB screening, Ghana can take meaningful steps toward controlling this disease.
Next Steps
It’s time to take charge of your health by scheduling the recommended screenings mentioned earlier. Here’s how you can get started.
Through Ghana Health Service
The Ghana Health Service (GHS) provides screening services at its regional, district, and sub-district health facilities. Reach out to your nearest GHS facility to book appointments for services like blood pressure checks, blood sugar tests, BMI assessments, and basic health counseling.
In July 2024, the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) introduced a free annual health check-up program. Dr. Dacosta Aboagye, CEO of the NHIA, shared:
"Let me say the NHIA and partners are delighted to introduce this programme at this time, which embodies our commitment to promoting preventive healthcare and ensuring access to essential health services for all."
To access these free services, simply present your Ghana card at participating locations.
Digital Healthcare Access
Prefer online options? The platform DrDoGood offers both virtual and in-person consultations. Here’s a snapshot of available providers:
Healthcare Provider
Specialty
Consultation Fee
Deborah
General Practice
₵45
Bismark
Primary Care
₵75
Amanda
Family Medicine
₵200
Clarice
Nutritional Counseling
₵100
The DrDoGood app also helps you manage your health with features like digital health records, medication reminders, prescription ordering, and family profiles. Whether you choose in-person or digital services, you have options that fit your needs.
Preparing for Your Screenings
To make the process smooth, follow these steps:
Gather Necessary Documents
Bring your valid Ghana card, previous medical records, and a list of current medications.
Select a Provider
Decide between visiting a GHS facility or booking through the DrDoGood platform.
Plan Financially
Check your NHIA coverage, confirm consultation fees for private services, and budget for any additional tests.
Non-communicable diseases make up 74% of all health-related deaths worldwide. Regular screenings are a key step in staying ahead of potential health issues – don’t wait to get started.
Virtual doctor visits are convenient and efficient, but preparation is key to getting the most out of them. Here’s what you need to know:
Be Prepared: Organize your symptoms, medical history, medications, and recent test results ahead of time.
Check Your Tech: Ensure a stable internet connection, a working camera, microphone, and secure device setup.
Key Questions to Ask:
What do my symptoms mean?
Do I need medical tests?
What are my treatment options?
How should I take my medicine?
What daily habits should I change?
When is my next checkup?
How do I track my health at home?
Where can I find more information?
These steps help you communicate clearly, understand your diagnosis, and take control of your health. Tools like DrDoGood’s platform can simplify virtual care with features like secure video calls, digital health records, and medication tracking.
Before Your Online Doctor Visit
Check Your Tech Setup
Having the right tech setup can make your virtual visit smooth and hassle-free.
Start by testing your internet connection on speedtest.net to avoid video freezes or audio delays. If your connection is unstable, try switching to a wired connection instead of relying on Wi-Fi.
Your device should meet these basic requirements:
A functioning camera for visual exams
A clear microphone for effective communication
Up-to-date security software to protect your privacy
Enough battery life or a steady power source
"Telehealth visits are just as private as meeting with your provider face-to-face. Your provider wants to keep your health information safe and secure. Make sure you are taking steps to stay safe online." – Telehealth.HHS.gov
For better privacy, stick to a personal device rather than a shared or public one. Here are a few extra precautions:
Turn off nearby smart speakers and security cameras
Enable your device’s lock screen
Use strong, unique passwords for your telehealth accounts
Avoid connecting through public Wi-Fi
A secure and reliable setup ensures clear communication with your doctor. Once your tech is ready, gather your medical information to make the most of your appointment.
Organize Your Medical Info
Preparing your medical details ahead of time can help your doctor focus on your needs. Compile a detailed health profile including:
Medical Information
Details to Include
Current Symptoms
When they started, how often they occur, severity, and triggers
Medications
Names, dosages, and any side effects
Medical History
Past conditions, surgeries, hospitalizations
Recent Tests
Results from blood work, X-rays, scans, etc.
Questions
A list of topics or concerns to discuss
"Keep a running list of questions for your doctor. I track them on a clipboard and flag my top concerns in pink highlighter." – Lynne, Primary Immunodeficiency Patient
Organize your records digitally or in a physical folder. Include:
Contact details for your healthcare providers
Documentation from the past year
A current list of medications along with pharmacy information
Your vaccination history
Results from recent medical tests
If you’ve been experiencing symptoms, jot down patterns, triggers, and lifestyle factors that might influence them. This level of preparation helps your doctor diagnose and treat you more effectively during your virtual visit.
8 Key Questions for Your Online Doctor
What Do My Symptoms Mean?
Share your symptoms in detail and ask about possible causes. For instance, if you’re dealing with digestive problems, describe specific issues like bloating, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.
"SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth) is an imbalance of the microorganisms in your gut that maintain healthy digestion. When too many bacteria, or the wrong kind, populate your small intestine, it can lead to uncomfortable symptoms like gas and diarrhea. It can also inhibit your ability to digest and absorb nutrients from food." – Cleveland Clinic
Be sure to discuss:
When the symptoms started
How often they occur and how severe they are
Any patterns you’ve noticed
What makes them better or worse
This information helps your doctor narrow down potential causes.
Do I Need Medical Tests?
Tests are often grouped into categories based on their purpose:
Type of Test
Examples
When to Consider
Diagnostic
Blood tests, imaging
To investigate specific symptoms
Preventive
Cholesterol screening, BMI
For routine health checkups
Monitoring
Blood pressure, blood sugar
To track chronic conditions
Disease-specific
PSA (for men), mammograms
Based on individual risk factors
Understanding these options helps you make informed decisions about your care.
What Are My Treatment Choices?
Ask about all possible treatments, including medications, lifestyle changes, and alternative therapies. For chronic conditions, explore long-term strategies. For example, studies show that up to 44% of patients may experience a recurrence of symptoms within nine months after a single course of antibiotics.
How Should I Take My Medicine?
Make sure you understand how to take your medication properly. Ask about the correct dosage, timing, food interactions, possible side effects, what to do if you miss a dose, and how long you’ll need to continue treatment.
What Daily Habits Should I Change?
Talk about practical changes you can make to improve your health. This might include:
Adjusting your daily routine
Eating a healthier diet
Incorporating regular exercise
Managing stress effectively
For example, research suggests that even short meditation sessions can improve focus.
When Is My Next Checkup?
Plan ahead by:
Scheduling your next virtual or in-person visit
Learning the warning signs that need immediate attention
Knowing how to contact your doctor between appointments
Setting clear goals to review your progress
How Do I Track My Health at Home?
Ask your doctor how to monitor your condition effectively. This might involve:
DrDoGood’s telehealth platform simplifies virtual doctor visits by offering a wide range of healthcare services. It connects patients with board-certified doctors who can handle 75% of common medical conditions.
DrDoGood Platform Features
The platform prioritizes privacy and security with encrypted data during both transmission and storage, ensuring compliance with regulations. Here’s what makes DrDoGood stand out:
Feature
Description
Benefit
Video Consultations
HD video calls with specialists
Clear and effective communication
Mobile App Access
Manage healthcare from your phone
Schedule appointments and track health data
Digital Health Records
Secure storage for medical information
Quick access to your health history
Specialist Directory
Search by condition or specialty
Easily find the right doctor
Medication Management
Track prescriptions and set reminders
Stay on top of your treatment plan
These tools are designed to make healthcare more accessible, affordable, and efficient.
Benefits of Using DrDoGood
DrDoGood offers several advantages that improve the virtual healthcare experience:
Better Access to Care: Over 100,000 patients use DrDoGood each month, connecting with specialists in fields like primary care, dermatology, and gynecology.
Affordable Services: Consultations with general practitioners cost between $45 and $75, while specialist visits start at $150. These rates are often lower than traditional in-person visits.
Positive Outcomes: The platform has achieved a 30% drop in hospital admissions, a 60% reduction in traditional doctor visits, and boasts a 90% patient satisfaction rate.
DrDoGood supports a variety of specialties, including Primary Care, Pediatrics, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Dentistry, Optometry, Dermatology, Psychology, and Family Medicine. This ensures patients can find care for a wide range of health concerns.
Next Steps
To get the most out of your virtual doctor visits on DrDoGood, here are some practical tips to help you stay on top of your healthcare journey.
Start by downloading the DrDoGood app. It lets you review visit summaries, access treatment details, and manage medications. The app even sends automatic reminders and tracks your progress between appointments – a handy tool for staying organized.
"Managing personal and family health can often be a daunting task for many patients with busy schedules. Personal health apps are extremely helpful in assisting these patients to manage their various health needs. Acting as virtual personal assistants, these applications can send reminders, shop for best prices, and truly empower patients to easily take control of their health. The best part is many of these tools are free."
Keeping accurate records is also key. After each visit, update your health records to track your progress. This small step goes a long way in ensuring effective follow-up care.
"Most of my patients find these visits very similar to what they’re used to from in-person appointments"
Consider using these tools to support your follow-up care:
These tools help maintain continuity in your care. If you have questions or need clarification, use DrDoGood’s secure messaging feature to contact your healthcare provider. Research shows that virtual healthcare makes accessing medical services faster and easier.
Virtual and in-person doctor visits each have their strengths. Here’s how to decide:
Choose Virtual Visits for convenience, follow-ups, medication management, mental health support, and non-urgent issues like minor rashes or cold symptoms. They save time, cost less, and are accessible from anywhere with the internet.
Opt for In-Person Visits for new or worsening symptoms, emergencies, physical exams, diagnostic tests, or complex medical needs. These provide hands-on care and immediate diagnostics.
Quick Comparison
Feature
Virtual Visits
In-Person Visits
Time Investment
15–20 minutes, no travel needed
Over an hour, including travel
Physical Assessment
Visual checks, self-exams
Full physical exam available
Cost
Generally more affordable
Includes facility/travel expenses
Accessibility
Anywhere with internet
Requires a trip to the facility
Best For
Follow-ups, minor concerns
New symptoms, emergencies
Tip: If unsure, consult your doctor to determine the best type of visit for your symptoms.
What to Expect: Virtual vs In-Person Care
How Virtual Doctor Visits Work
Virtual doctor visits are conducted through secure video platforms. To participate, you’ll need a device with a camera and a reliable internet connection. These appointments generally start with a brief technical check to ensure everything is working properly.
During the session, your doctor will discuss your symptoms, medical history, and any medications you’re taking. They might perform visual checks and guide you through simple self-exams, offering medical advice based on what they observe. Most sessions last about 15–20 minutes.
"By design, virtual appointments help people get the care they need in the timeliest way possible", explains Dr. Rood.
In-person visits, on the other hand, allow for hands-on diagnostics that virtual care can’t provide.
What Happens During In-Person Visits
In-person appointments involve face-to-face interaction with your provider. These visits typically include measuring vital signs like blood pressure, temperature, and heart rate. A physical exam is performed, and if needed, diagnostic tests or procedures can be done on the spot. This approach is essential for situations requiring detailed physical assessments.
Dr. Ravi Dave, director of interventional cardiology at UCLA Health, highlights:
"No cardiology appointment is complete without this physical exam".
In-person visits are particularly important for:
Complex physical evaluations
Diagnostic tests like EKGs or blood work
Emergencies that require immediate attention
Initial assessments for new symptoms
Main Differences Between Visit Types
Here’s a quick comparison of virtual and in-person care:
Aspect
Virtual Visits
In-Person Visits
Time Investment
15–20 minutes, no travel needed
Over an hour, including travel and waiting
Physical Assessment
Visual checks and self-exams
Full physical exam available
Cost
Generally more affordable
Includes facility and travel expenses
Accessibility
Anywhere with internet access
Requires a trip to the facility
Best For
Follow-ups, medication management
New symptoms, physical exams, emergencies
"A good rule is that if you have any new symptoms, you should reach out to your physician to ask what type of visit is best".
For some specialties, like gynecology, virtual visits can be useful for initial assessments. However, physical exams are often necessary. Similarly, physiotherapy patients with acute issues or new symptoms usually need in-person care.
Telemedicine vs In-Person Visits: Which Is Right for You?
Virtual Visits: Pros and Cons
Let’s take a closer look at the main advantages and challenges of virtual healthcare.
Benefits of Online Doctor Visits
Online doctor visits make healthcare more accessible. In fact, 74% of patients say they prefer the convenience of online healthcare over traditional in-person visits. These appointments save patients an average of 18 minutes in waiting time and eliminate the need for travel. For those managing chronic conditions or needing frequent check-ups, this makes it easier to stay on top of their health.
Virtual visits also tend to cost less because healthcare providers have lower overhead expenses. Patients save money on transportation, parking, and even lost wages since they don’t need to take as much time off work. Dr. Brian Hasselfeld, Assistant Medical Director for Digital Health Innovations at Johns Hopkins Medicine, highlights this shift:
"Health organizations are providing virtual appointments and are expanding their telehealth options, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic".
Research backs up the benefits. Telemedicine patients report improved health outcomes, including 38% fewer hospital admissions and reduced levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Drawbacks of Online Care
While virtual care offers convenience, it does have some limitations that can impact its effectiveness.
Limitation
Impact
Technical Issues
Connectivity problems can interrupt visits
Physical Assessment
Hands-on exams aren’t possible
Emergency Response
Not ideal for urgent medical situations
Privacy Concerns
Risks tied to data security
Clinicians often find in-person visits better for a thorough patient evaluation compared to virtual consultations.
Required Tools for Virtual Visits
To minimize challenges, having the right tools is crucial. Here’s what you’ll need:
In addition to routine care, virtual platforms are particularly helpful for mental health support.
Online Mental Health Care
Telehealth has proven effective for mental health, with nearly two-thirds of telehealth claims related to this area. For instance, 80% of MD Live users seeking mental health support reported improvement after just three visits.
Services available through virtual mental health care include:
Therapy sessions: Starting at $134 for a 25-minute consultation via Doctor On Demand.
Psychiatric care: Initial 45-minute consultations starting at $299.
Medication management: Regular check-ins and prescription adjustments.
Doctor On Demand’s mental health professionals boast an average rating of 4.9/5 and typically have 15 years of experience.
Common Health Questions
For routine concerns, MinuteClinic Virtual Care offers assessments priced between $59 and $119 without insurance. This service is suitable for conditions such as:
Condition
Virtual Care Capabilities
Sinus Infections
Symptom evaluation and treatment plans
Cold & Flu
Diagnosis and medication recommendations
Skin Conditions
Visual examination of rashes and acne
UTIs
Symptom assessment and prescriptions
"In gastroenterology, a lot of the physical exam is with the eyes. Because I can still see how the patient appears, and can examine what their skin looks like and even look inside their mouth in a remote exam, video visits are often a good starting point".
When to Visit a Doctor In Person
Virtual visits can be convenient, but there are times when seeing a doctor face-to-face is essential. Some medical situations simply require a hands-on approach and immediate care. Here’s when in-person visits are necessary.
Physical Exams and Tests
Certain exams and tests can’t be done virtually. These include:
Annual check-ups: Measuring vital signs, listening to your heart and lungs, and checking reflexes.
Diagnostic procedures: Blood tests, X-rays, and EKGs all require specialized equipment.
Abdominal concerns: Physical palpation is often needed to evaluate issues like pain or swelling.
New or unexplained symptoms: Any sudden change in your health should be assessed in person.
Dr. David Cho emphasizes, "If it’s new symptoms or a worsening of existing symptoms, that probably warrants an in-person visit".
Medical Emergencies
In emergencies, in-person care is non-negotiable. Seek immediate help for:
Chest pain or trouble breathing
Signs of a stroke
Severe injuries
Uncontrolled bleeding
Dr. Shawn Evans, an emergency medicine expert at Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, notes, "Differentiating ’emergency’ from ‘urgent’ care can be challenging, but swift action is critical. Many people are nervous about calling 911, but it’s better to be safe than sorry".
Advanced Medical Care
For more complex medical needs, face-to-face visits are often the best option:
First-time consultations: Dr. Russell Kohl from the American Academy of Family Physicians explains, "As a patient, you’re trying to evaluate the physician, to see if you can talk to them and trust them. It’s hard to do that on a telemedicine visit".
Cancer diagnoses: Dr. Arif Kamal, chief patient officer at the American Cancer Society, says, "A diagnosis of cancer is an emotional event; it’s a life-changing moment, and a doctor wants to respond to that. There are things you can miss unless you’re sitting a foot or two away from the person".
For pregnancy care, some checkups require in-person visits. Current recommendations suggest combining virtual care with fewer in-person visits – around eight instead of the traditional 14.
How to Choose Your Visit Type
Deciding on the right type of visit depends on your symptoms, your access to technology, and your budget. Here’s how to break it down.
Check Symptom Severity
Take a close look at how severe your symptoms are before choosing between virtual or in-person care.
"A good rule is that if you have any new symptoms, you should reach out to your physician to ask what type of visit is best".
Symptom Type
Recommended Visit
Examples
Mild/Routine
Virtual Visit
Cold symptoms, minor rashes, medication refills
Moderate
Consult Provider
New symptoms, chronic condition changes
Severe/Urgent
In-Person Visit
Chest pain, severe abdominal pain, eye injuries
Once you’ve determined your symptom severity, make sure your tech setup is ready if you’re opting for a virtual visit.
Tech Requirements
For a smooth virtual consultation, you’ll need the following:
Basic Setup:
A reliable internet connection (at least 10 Mbps download and 5 Mbps upload speeds)
A device with a camera and microphone (computer, smartphone, or tablet)
A quiet, private, and well-lit space
Pro Tips for Virtual Visits:
Test your internet speed on platforms like speedtest.net.
Use an ethernet cable for a more stable connection if your Wi-Fi is spotty.
Log in 5–10 minutes early and close unnecessary apps to avoid disruptions.
Insurance and Costs
Costs are another factor to consider. Virtual visits tend to be more affordable than in-person appointments. Here’s a quick comparison:
Visit Type
With Insurance
Without Insurance
Virtual Medical
$0-$89
$99
Virtual Therapy
$0-$184
$134-$184
In-Person Primary Care
Copay varies
$100-$300
In-Person Specialist
Copay varies
$150-$600
"As a consumer, you should do what you feel comfortable doing. And if you really want to be seen in the office, you should make that case".
Ways to Save:
Check if your employer offers telehealth benefits.
Request a "good faith estimate" before booking an appointment.
Opt for virtual visits for routine follow-ups when possible.
Confirm your insurance coverage and copays ahead of time.
DrDoGood provides flexible virtual consultation options with pricing based on the type of specialist and the length of the session. Their platform also includes free tools like medication reminders and health record management through their mobile app.
Conclusion
Healthcare today combines virtual and in-person visits to address a variety of needs. Primary care appointments are now almost evenly split between these two formats, reflecting the growing use of telemedicine alongside face-to-face care. This shift highlights a more balanced approach to healthcare delivery.
When deciding on the type of visit, consider your symptoms, available technology, and personal comfort. Platforms like DrDoGood make care more accessible by connecting patients with board-certified doctors who can address about 75% of common conditions. Interestingly, follow-up rates are higher for virtual visits (6.2% for video and 7.6% for telephone) compared to in-person appointments (1.3%), showing how virtual care supports ongoing health management.
"In gastroenterology, a lot of the physical exam is with the eyes. Because I can still see how the patient appears, and can examine what their skin looks like and even look inside their mouth in a remote exam, video visits are often a good starting point." – Dr. Kevin Ghassemi, General Gastroenterologist and Clinical Chief of the Digestive Diseases Practices in Westwood and Beverly Hills
In this hybrid model, making informed decisions is key to achieving the best outcomes. Dr. Joe Kvedar, Professor at Harvard Medical School and former board chairman of the American Telemedicine Association, emphasizes:
"As a consumer, you should do what you feel comfortable doing. And if you really want to be seen in the office, you should make that case."
This blend of virtual and in-person care offers flexibility, meeting diverse needs while ensuring patients receive the right kind of attention for their specific situation. Each option plays a unique role in delivering thorough and effective healthcare.
Before saying I do, there are some important medical questions to ask your partner before marriage. These questions can impact your future together, including your health and family planning. From knowing your partner’s genotype to understanding their STI status, these medical details are crucial for building a strong foundation.
It’s easy to focus on wedding planning, dress fittings, and the excitement of a new chapter in your life. But trust me, if you don’t know these key health details about your partner, you’re not fully prepared for the life-long commitment that marriage entails. Health is an area that affects everything from daily life to long-term plans, so it’s essential to have open and honest conversations about these topics before walking down the aisle.
Let’s explore these five important medical details every couple should know about each other before saying ‘ I do’.
1. Genotype Compatibility: A Key Medical Question to Ask Your Partner Before Marriage
Before you think about the wedding date, have you ever discussed your genotypes with your partner? This may sound like a very clinical term, but understanding your partner’s genotype, also known as their sickle cell status, is one of the most important conversations you’ll ever have.
Your genotype refers to your inherited genetic makeup, specifically concerning your blood type and predisposition to conditions like sickle cell anemia. Genotypes are categorized into groups like AA, AS, AC, SS, SC, and CC. These genetic traits can have a significant impact on your health and, most importantly, the health of your future children.
Why does this matter for your relationship? Well, it’s essential to know if your partner carries the sickle cell trait (AS or AC) or has sickle cell disease (SS or SC). If both partners carry the sickle cell trait, there is a 25% chance that any children born to the couple will inherit sickle cell disease. This condition can cause severe pain, organ damage, and can be fatal if not treated properly.
You may be wondering, “How does this affect us if I’m not planning to have children immediately?” Well, even if you don’t want children right away, knowing your genotypes will allow you to make informed decisions about family planning. It helps you understand the potential risks, and if both partners are carriers of the sickle cell trait, it’s important to consult with a genetic counselor to explore options for family planning, including prenatal genetic testing.
Takeaway: Genotype compatibility isn’t just about what you’re inheriting, it’s about ensuring the best possible future for your children. If you and your partner haven’t discussed your genotypes yet, it’s time to have that conversation.
2. Blood Group and Rh Factor: Another Crucial Question to Ask Before Marriage
When it comes to blood types, most people only think of them as something that could be used in an emergency (like when donating blood). But did you know that your blood group and Rh factor can significantly impact your health and the health of your children? Blood types consist of both your blood group (A, B, AB, or O) and your Rh factor (positive or negative). It’s important to know both because they can impact your pregnancies, and knowing your partner’s blood group and Rh factor could save your life—and your future child’s life.
For example, if a woman is Rh-negative and her partner is Rh-positive, the first pregnancy often proceeds without any issues. However, during subsequent pregnancies, the mother’s body may produce antibodies against the Rh-positive child, leading to potential complications such as hemolytic disease of the newborn. This condition can be life-threatening to the baby if left untreated.
Fortunately, there are medical interventions like the injection of Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg), which can prevent these complications. But knowing your partner’s Rh factor allows you to plan for these potential issues ahead of time.
In addition to the Rh factor, it’s also important to know each other’s blood groups. If your partner has a rare blood type, complications can arise if you ever need a blood transfusion or organ transplant. While this is rare, it’s still a good idea to know your blood types in case of an emergency.
Takeaway: Don’t wait for a complication to arise before knowing your partner’s blood type and Rh factor. Understanding these details ahead of time can help you avoid future medical challenges, particularly when planning a family.
3. STI Status: Protecting Yourself and Your Partner
There’s no way around it—knowing your partner’s Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) status is vital to protecting your health and your future together. Although some STIs can be easily treated with antibiotics or antivirals, others, like HIV, gonorrhea, syphilis, and hepatitis, can have serious, long-term effects on your health if left untreated. Even if you and your partner are in a monogamous relationship, it’s important to have an honest conversation about your sexual health history.
Many people avoid discussing STIs, fearing it will make the conversation awkward, but having this conversation is essential before you get married. Knowing whether your partner has ever been diagnosed with an STI allows both of you to make informed decisions regarding testing and prevention.
Some STIs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can cause infertility in both men and women. Chlamydia in women, for example, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause infertility. For men, gonorrhea can affect the prostate and cause issues with sperm production.
In addition to regular testing, it’s crucial to maintain good sexual health practices, such as using condoms during any risky sexual encounters. If your partner has been diagnosed with an STI, make sure to get tested regularly and take appropriate precautions.
Takeaway: Always get tested before marriage. Having open conversations about STIs ensures that both of you are informed and safe from potential health risks. It’s better to know early and take action than to risk your long-term health.
4. Fertility Status: Ensuring Your Future Family
Whether you want children right away or in the future, understanding each other’s fertility status is key to making informed decisions about your reproductive health. Both men and women should undergo tests to determine their fertility and ability to have children.
For men, a semen analysis is the most common test to determine sperm count and quality. This test measures the number of sperm, their shape, and how well they move. If your partner’s sperm count is low or the sperm isn’t healthy, it could affect the couple’s ability to conceive naturally.
Women can have their fertility checked through pelvic ultrasounds and hormonal assays. These tests assess the health of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus, and can provide insight into any potential issues such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, or other conditions that may impact fertility.
Knowing your fertility status ahead of time can help you make decisions about family planning, especially if there are any underlying fertility issues. It can also alleviate anxiety about trying to conceive down the road.
Takeaway: Understanding your fertility status helps you make informed decisions about when to have children and what medical interventions, if any, might be needed. It’s better to know early, especially if there are fertility challenges.
5. Chronic Illnesses: Understanding Long-Term Health
When it comes to chronic illnesses, many people hesitate to share information about their ongoing health conditions. However, it’s important to discuss any chronic illnesses like hypertension, diabetes, asthma, sickle cell disease, and mental health conditions with your partner.
Knowing about your partner’s chronic illnesses helps you understand their needs and triggers. For example, if your partner has asthma, you can avoid using strong perfumes around them, as certain scents may trigger an asthma attack. Similarly, if your partner has diabetes, you can ensure that they’re eating healthy meals and checking their blood sugar regularly.
Mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety are equally important to discuss. Understanding how mental health impacts your partner’s well-being allows you to offer emotional support and develop strategies for coping with stressful situations. It also means you’re prepared to be patient during tough times and can actively help your partner manage their condition.
Takeaway: Chronic illnesses shouldn’t be kept a secret. Openly discussing long-term health conditions will help you and your partner take the necessary steps to support each other. The more informed you are, the better you can manage life’s challenges together.
How DrDoGood Can Help
If you and your partner haven’t had these crucial conversations yet, don’t worry—DrDoGood is here to make these medical tests more accessible and convenient. Whether it’s getting genetic testing, STI screenings, or fertility assessments, DrDoGood offers a simple, affordable solution. The best part? You don’t have to leave your home.
Skilled professionals can come to your doorstep to collect samples, making it easy for you to get tested without the hassle of going to a clinic.
DrDoGood also provides access to doctors who can interpret your lab results and offer guidance on health and compatibility.
Whether you need to confirm your genotypes, check your fertility status, or get tested for STIs, DrDoGood has the tools and expertise to support you and your partner every step of the way.
Takeaway: Don’t wait until marriage to discover these important health details. Take control of your health and your future by getting tested through DrDoGood. It’s affordable, convenient, and easy.
By diving into these five key medical questions, you’re not just ensuring the health of your future family, but you’re also creating a stronger foundation for your relationship. Knowing these details early can save you both from heartache and help you make informed decisions together. Here’s to a healthier, happier future with your partner!
As we kick off the year with resolutions and vision boards, it’s easy to get caught up in the hustle of goals.
But there’s one crucial area that often gets overlooked—our health. After all, if we’re not healthy, all those other goals remain just that—goals. In 2025, it’s time to focus on 5 lab tests to prioritize to ensure you’re on track for a healthy year ahead.
Here are five essential lab tests that should be on your radar:
Full Blood Count (FBC): The full blood count helps assess your overall health. It identifies conditions like anemia, infections, or blood disorders. This simple yet crucial test provides important insights into your health, so don’t skip it!
Blood Sugar Test (Fasting): You should check your blood sugar levels regularly, and the fasting blood sugar test is the most accurate method. On the day of the test, avoid eating anything and visit your healthcare provider. Many people wrongly believe they are not at risk for diabetes because they are young or avoid sugary foods. This misconception is dangerous. To evaluate your risk for Type 2 diabetes, take a free pre-diabetes test.
Lipid Profile (Cholesterol Test): A lipid profile measures your cholesterol levels. It shows whether you have high levels of “bad” cholesterol (LDL) or low levels of “good” cholesterol (HDL). Knowing these levels is essential for managing your heart health and preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Liver and Kidney Function Tests: Your liver and kidneys play vital roles in your overall health. Liver and kidney function tests evaluate how well these organs are working. You should do these tests at least once a year to identify any issues early.
STI Screening and Pap Smear: If you’re sexually active, it’s important to get screened for STIs such as HIV, gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and hepatitis E. Women, in particular, should also prioritize a pap smear, which is a screening tool for cervical cancer. Regular screening helps catch potential issues early, giving you the best chance for treatment and management.
Make Your Health a Priority with DrDoGood
You can easily book these 5 lab tests to prioritize in 2025 and consult healthcare professionals at your convenience. The app offers affordable healthcare access, even if you have a busy schedule. Skilled personnel can visit your home to collect samples, making the process easy for you.
You can easily book consultations with doctors, physician assistants, dietitians, physiotherapists, and more, all through the app. Download the DrDoGood app from the Google Play Store or iOS App Store to start.
