DrDoGood

Author: Chisom Maduechesi

  • Signs of Pregnancy and How to Prevent it

    Signs of Pregnancy and How to Prevent it

    Pregnancy is a life-changing event for many women, but it’s not always planned. Whether you’re trying to conceive, prevent pregnancy, or are recovering from an abortion, understanding early pregnancy signs and prevention methods are key to feeling empowered about your reproductive health. 

    This article will guide you through recognizing early signs of pregnancy, managing after-abortion recovery, and natural pregnancy prevention methods. 

    We’ll also discuss how to handle missed periods naturally while keeping in mind the limitations of these methods.

    Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy

    Presumptive signs are those that may suggest pregnancy but could also be attributed to other causes. They include:

    • Missed period (amenorrhea)
    • Nausea or morning sickness
    • Fatigue
    • Breast tenderness or changes
    • Increased urination

    While these signs can indicate pregnancy, they aren’t definitive. A missed period, for example, could be due to stress, hormonal imbalances, or even changes in diet or weight.

    Probable signs in Pregnancy

    These are more indicative of pregnancy but still not conclusive. These include:

    • Positive urine or blood pregnancy test
    • Enlargement of the abdomen
    • Changes in the cervix

    Probable signs are more reliable, especially when combined with presumptive signs, but the only definitive way to confirm a pregnancy is through an ultrasound, which shows the gestational sac or the fetus.

    Signs of Pregnancy After Abortion 

    If you’ve recently had an abortion, it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish post-abortion symptoms from signs of a new pregnancy. After an abortion, it can take a while for your hormones to return to their normal levels, which means your body might still show some early pregnancy signs. These can include breast tenderness, fatigue, or even nausea.

    A missed period after an abortion is also common, as it can take a few weeks or even months for your menstrual cycle to regulate. If you’re concerned about being pregnant again, it’s crucial to take a pregnancy test or consult your healthcare provider for clarity.

    How long after abortion do symptoms of pregnancy go away? 

    Recovering from an abortion, whether it was a medical or surgical procedure, requires both physical and emotional care. Your body goes through significant changes, and it’s essential to manage your symptoms properly to aid recovery.

    Immediately following an abortion, you may experience symptoms like:

    • Bleeding or spotting
    • Cramping
    • Swollen/Tender breasts
    • Nausea

    These symptoms are common as your body adjusts to the hormonal changes. Cramping can be uncomfortable, but it’s a normal part of the uterus returning to its original size. Bleeding or spotting may last up to two weeks, though it should gradually reduce.

    How to Avoid Pregnancy After missing period naturally 

    If you’re looking to prevent pregnancy naturally, there are several methods that don’t involve hormones or medical devices. These methods require a bit more diligence and knowledge about your body, but many women prefer them for their natural approach.

    Safe Period Calculator 

    One of the most well-known natural pregnancy prevention methods is the fertility awareness method (FAM). This method involves tracking your menstrual cycle to determine your fertile and safe periods.

    Safe period calculation: 

    • Your cycle starts on the first day of your period and ends the day before your next period. Ovulation usually occurs around day 14 in a 28-day cycle, and the fertile window is the five days leading up to ovulation and the day after. By avoiding intercourse during this time or using other preventative measures, you can reduce the chances of pregnancy.

    Tracking basal body temperature:

    •  Your basal body temperature (BBT) slightly increases during ovulation. Tracking your BBT every morning can help you identify when you’re ovulating. Combine this with cervical mucus tracking for more accuracy. Cervical mucus becomes clearer and more slippery during ovulation.

    While this is not a one-size-fits-all method, Please speak to a doctor if you need to avoid pregnancy after missing your period

    Managing Missed Periods and Potential Pregnancy

    A missed period is often the first sign that something might be up, and if you’re not planning on becoming pregnant, it can be a source of anxiety. There are natural methods to manage missed periods and address a potential pregnancy.

    Natural Methods After Missing a Period

    If you’ve missed a period and think pregnancy is a possibility, some natural remedies may help in bringing on menstruation:

    • Vitamin C: Some believe that high doses of vitamin C can help induce menstruation. It’s thought to increase estrogen levels and reduce progesterone, helping the uterus contract.
    • Parsley tea: Parsley contains compounds that are believed to stimulate contractions of the uterus. Drinking parsley tea is a common home remedy for inducing a period.
    • Hot baths: Taking a hot bath or placing a warm compress on your lower abdomen may help increase blood flow to the uterus, potentially inducing menstruation.

    However, it’s essential to be cautious with these remedies, as their effectiveness is not scientifically proven, and they are not substitutes for confirmed medical care.

    Always speak to the doctor if you need help with inducing your period. 

    Limitations of natural methods

    While natural methods can offer a holistic approach to reproductive health, they have significant limitations, especially when it comes to pregnancy prevention or inducing a period. Fertility awareness methods require precision and consistency to be effective, and the failure rate can be high if not practiced diligently. Home remedies, such as using herbs or foods for contraception, are generally unreliable and should not be relied on as the sole method of pregnancy prevention.

    Conclusion

    Understanding early pregnancy signs, managing post-abortion recovery, and using natural pregnancy prevention methods can empower you to make informed choices about your reproductive health. However, it’s important to be aware of the limitations of natural remedies. For those looking to avoid pregnancy, combining natural methods with more reliable forms of contraception, such as condoms, may offer better peace of mind.

    Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice, especially if you’re considering natural methods or if you suspect a pregnancy.

  • Irregular Periods Explained

    Irregular Periods Explained

    Hello! It’s Dr. Nana K again and today, let’s chat about something I get so many questions about —irregular periods. 

    It’s a common concern, so I’m here to clear up some basics and talk about the top reasons behind changes to your menstrual cycle.

    Understanding Menstrual Cycle Lengths

    Let’s start with cycle length. Generally, we count from the first day of one period to the first day of the next. A typical cycle is between 21 and 35 days. If yours is shorter than 21 days, it’s considered Polymenorrhea, and if longer than 35, Polygomenorrhea. Irregular cycles are often completely natural, but frequent irregularities can signal an underlying issue.

    Top 10 Causes of Irregular Periods

    1. Eating Disorders (Anorexia and Bulimia)

    Eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia can disrupt the body’s energy balance. When there’s not enough fuel for essential functions, menstruation often takes a backseat, leading to missed or irregular periods.

    2. Weight Fluctuations

    Sudden weight gain or loss can affect estrogen levels, a key hormone for menstrual health. Too much fat can lead to excess estrogen, while too little fat can cause a drop, both of which can throw off your cycle.

    3. Body Composition

    Being too thin or carrying excess body fat can impact your cycle. Low fat levels mean there’s less fuel for hormone production, while high levels can lead to imbalances that disrupt ovulation and menstruation.

    4. Stress and Emotional Strain

    Stress releases hormones that can interfere with the brain’s communication with reproductive organs. This can either delay or speed up menstruation. For example, students may notice changes around exams.

    5. Hormonal Imbalances

    The thyroid, which regulates our metabolism, and prolactin, which supports milk production, are two key hormones that can affect menstruation.

    6. Travel and Environmental Changes

    Travel, especially across time zones, changes routines and stress levels, which can temporarily alter your cycle.

    7. Over-exercising

    Physical activity is beneficial, but excessive exercise, like intense bodybuilding, can make the body conserve energy, causing menstrual irregularities or even a complete halt in menstruation.

    8. Reproductive System Conditions

    Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affect the ovaries, often delaying or skipping ovulation and, therefore, periods. It’s a common cause of irregular cycles.

    9. Medications and Contraceptives

    Frequent use of emergency contraceptives, like Postinor or Lydia, can lead to cycle changes. These medications are intended for emergencies, not regular use.

    10. Breastfeeding

    High prolactin levels after childbirth can suppress menstruation for several months, acting as a natural family planning method in some cases.

    Conclusion

    If you’re experiencing menstrual irregularities, it’s always worth discussing with a healthcare provider. Feel free to reach out to me with questions, and I’d be happy to help. 

    Thanks for reading, and take care!

    I’d see you on my next chat

  • How to Calculate Your Fertile Days – Dr. Nana K’s Guide.

    How to Calculate Your Fertile Days – Dr. Nana K’s Guide.

    Hi, good day! This is Dr. Nana K. Today, I’m here to tackle a topic that’s one of the most common questions I receive: “How can I calculate my fertile days?” Knowing when you’re most fertile can be key for anyone trying to conceive—or, on the other hand, looking to avoid pregnancy. So, let’s break it down together!

    Step 1: Understanding Your Cycle Length

    The first thing you need to know is your cycle length. Your cycle length is the number of days from the start of one period to the start of the next. So, it begins on the first day you see blood and ends the day before your next period begins. To figure out your cycle length, you’ll need to track the start date of your period over a few cycles.

    Let’s look at an example. 

    Say your period started on July 7th and then again on August 5th. Counting the days in between, you’ll find your cycle length is around 27 days.

    Step 2: Finding Your Ovulation Day

    Now that you know your cycle length, you can calculate your ovulation day. Here’s the key: ovulation usually happens 14 days before your next period starts, not necessarily on day 14 of your cycle. This means ovulation day varies depending on your cycle length.

    For instance:

    • 27-day cycle: 27 – 14 = day 13 is ovulation day.
    • 31-day cycle: 31 – 14 = day 17 is ovulation day.
    • 35-day cycle: 35 – 14 = day 21 is ovulation day.

    So, remember: not everyone ovulates on the 14th day of their cycle!

    Step 3: Calculating Your Fertile Window

    Once you’ve found your ovulation day, it’s time to determine your fertile window. This window typically includes:

    • Five days before ovulation (sperm can survive in the body for several days)
    • The day of ovulation
    • A day or two after ovulation

    Using the 27-day cycle example, if ovulation is on day 13, then your fertile window is roughly from day 9 to day 15. That’s your prime time if you’re looking to conceive or, alternatively, your “danger zone” if you’re aiming to avoid pregnancy.

    Common Misconceptions about your Fertile Days

    A big myth out there is that everyone ovulates on day 14. In reality, ovulation depends on your unique cycle length, so understanding and tracking your cycle is essential.

    If you have a consistent 28-day cycle, ovulation around day 14 might apply. But most people don’t have a perfectly regular cycle, which is why calculating your own fertile window is so valuable.

    Thank you for tuning in! If you have more questions, drop a comment, or book a session with me here.

    And, as always, share this with anyone who might find it useful. Take care, and good luck!

  • Vaginal Candidiasis: Symptoms, Treatment, & Prevention

    Vaginal Candidiasis: Symptoms, Treatment, & Prevention

    Hi, Dr. Nana K here! Welcome to part two of our series on vaginal candidiasis. Today, we’ll delve into the symptoms of candidiasis, how it’s treated, and most importantly, how you can prevent it.

    Symptoms of Vaginal Candidiasis

    If you suspect you have candidiasis, here’s what you might experience:

    1. Vaginal Discharge: One of the first signs is a thick, lumpy discharge. It’s typically white, creamish, or off-white, often compared to custard.

    2. Itching and Burning: Intense itching around the vaginal area is common, which can sometimes be severe. You may also feel a burning sensation when urinating.

    3. Painful Intercourse: Due to inflammation and redness, sexual intercourse can become uncomfortable or even painful.

    4. Other Symptoms: In some cases, you may notice small cracks, cuts, or rashes around the vaginal area, which are often accompanied by inflammation.

    Diagnosing Vaginal Candidiasis

    The good news is, most of the time, diagnosing candidiasis is straightforward. Your healthcare provider can often make a diagnosis based on your symptoms and a physical exam. In some cases, a lab test may be done by taking a sample of the discharge, but this is usually not necessary.

    Treatment Options

    Vaginal candidiasis is treated with antifungal medications, which help prevent the overgrowth of candida. Here are the common options:

    Oral Medications: Fluconazole and itraconazole are commonly prescribed antifungal tablets.

    Topical Creams: You may be given a cream, such as clotrimazole, to apply externally.

    Vaginal Tablets: Medications like clotrimazole and miconazole can also be inserted directly into the vagina for treatment.

    During treatment, it’s crucial to abstain from sexual intercourse as it can aggravate the infection. Additionally, some chemicals in condoms can interfere with the medication. Most infections clear up within a few days to a week, but in some cases, the infection may persist, requiring further treatment.

    Preventing Vaginal Candidiasis

    Preventing candidiasis largely comes down to lifestyle changes and maintaining good hygiene:

    1. Hygiene: After sexual intercourse, ensure that you clean the vaginal area with mild soap and water—avoid harsh chemicals and feminine washes.

    2. Clothing: Choose loose, breathable cotton underwear and avoid synthetic fabrics like nylon. Air-drying and ironing your underwear helps keep them free of bacteria.

    3. Diet and Lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables while avoiding excessive sugar and alcohol, as they can promote candida growth. Additionally, if you’re diabetic, keeping your blood sugar levels in check is vital.

    4. Avoid Steroids: Steroids, including certain creams or pills used for weight gain, can weaken your immune system and increase the risk of candidiasis. Also, avoid using steroid-based bleaching products on sensitive areas.

    5. Reduce Stress: High stress can impact your immune system, making it easier for infections like candidiasis to take hold.

    By making these small adjustments, you can significantly reduce your chances of getting candidiasis in the future.

    Conclusion

    Vaginal candidiasis won’t go away on its own, but with proper treatment and lifestyle changes, it’s manageable.

    Stay healthy!

    Talk to Dr Nana K.

  • Hypertension from a Doctors view.

    Hypertension from a Doctors view.

    By Dr. Flow

    Hello! It’s Dr. Flow here—your favorite doctor who loves a good chat and a tasty plate of Kelewele! I’ve always believed health is a journey, and I’m here to walk that path with you, one small choice at a time. Let’s dive into some of my stories and insights on staying healthy, even when life tempts us with delicious fried plantains and a busy schedule.

    One of my favorite evening treats? You guessed it—Kelewele! But every time I buy some, I have this little ritual: I squeeze it hard, watching all the oil that drips out, and think to myself, “Wow, I could cook a whole meal with this oil!” At that moment, I decided to quit Kelewele for good. But guess what? The very next evening, I’m right back in line for it again.

    This little back-and-forth got me thinking about a more serious issue: Hypertension. 

    Diseases like high blood pressure, which used to be for “old folks,” are now affecting young people too. I recently met a 13-year-old girl who’d already suffered a stroke! 

    Shocking, right?

     It made me realize how important it is to take control of our health early. And there are two big reasons why we’re seeing more of these cases: genetics and lifestyle.

    Hypertension: A Rising Concern

    Hypertension, otherwise called high blood pressure, is what happens when your heart has to pump extra hard because your blood vessels are narrowed or stiffened. Once upon a time, we thought only older people had to worry about this, but things have changed. Lifestyle habits—especially our diet and activity levels—are putting younger people at risk too.

    Genetics vs. Lifestyle

    As I always say, “Genetics loads the gun, but lifestyle pulls the trigger.” If hypertension runs in your family, you may have a higher risk, and that’s where genetics come in. If your grandparents, parents, or even great-grandparents had it, you might be more likely to face it too. But here’s the good news: while we can’t change our genes, we can control our lifestyle!

    Lifestyle Choices That Impact Blood Pressure

    • First, let’s talk about diet. 

    The food we eat has an incredible effect on our health. Eating too much sugar, drinking sugary or alcoholic beverages, and loading up on unhealthy fats all strain our blood vessels. Imagine trying to squeeze a river through a tight dam—your heart has to pump extra hard to get blood flowing, and that’s when hypertension starts creeping in.

    • Then, there’s exercise. 

    Don’t get me wrong—you don’t have to spend hours in the gym. Just make small changes to keep moving. Walk instead of driving everywhere. Try dancing around the house or taking the stairs. Just a little more movement each day can make a big difference.

    • And don’t forget regular check-ups. 

    I know, nobody loves a doctor’s visit for “no reason,” but think of it as an investment in yourself. Now, with virtual tools like the Drdogood app, you can even consult a doctor from your phone, making it easier than ever to stay on top of your health.

    Practical Steps for a Healthier Lifestyle

    Creating a healthier life doesn’t have to happen overnight.

     Start with one thing—

    • a short daily walk, 
    • less salt in your food, 
    • one less sugary drink. 

    These small choices add up, I promise. 

    Remember, it’s not about a complete overhaul; it’s about taking one step at a time.

    So, next time I see you in the Kelewele line, remember this conversation. 

    Let’s make it a once-in-a-while treat, not an everyday habit. One day at a time, we’re building resilience and taking control of our health—together!

    If you need a more personalized approach to managing high blood pressure, You can talk to a doctor here

  • Malaria: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention in Ghana

    Malaria: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention in Ghana

    Malaria in ghana remains a significant public health challenge, affecting many lives across the country. In 2022, there were over 4.9 million suspected malaria cases and nearly 10,000 malaria-related deaths, making it a serious concern, especially for children and vulnerable populations. 

    Despite ongoing efforts like distributing insecticide-treated bed nets and providing effective treatments, malaria still poses a considerable threat. 

    In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about malaria, types, symptoms and how to prevent malaria in Ghana.

    What is Malaria?

    At its core, malaria is a serious illness caused by parasites called Plasmodium. These parasites are transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. If left untreated, malaria can lead to severe illness or even death, making it especially dangerous in tropical and subtropical regions where these mosquitoes thrive.

    How Does Malaria Happen?

    chart showing the lifecycle of the malaria parasite [plasmodium]

    Malaria cycle begins when an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites a person. During the bite, the mosquito injects Plasmodium parasites into the bloodstream. This is the first step in the infection process. Once in the blood, these parasites travel to the liver, where they can hide and multiply for about 7 to 15 days. During this time, they remain undetected by the body’s immune system.

    After maturing in the liver, the parasites re-enter the bloodstream and invade red blood cells. This invasion is when malaria symptoms start to show up. The parasites reproduce inside the red blood cells, causing them to burst and release even more parasites into the blood. As this cycle continues, the person begins to experience symptoms like high fever, chills, and fatigue.

    If another mosquito bites an infected person, it can pick up the parasites in the blood. This allows the cycle to continue, as the new mosquito becomes a carrier, ready to infect someone else. .

    Types of Malaria Parasites

    There are five main types of Plasmodium parasites that can cause malaria in humans, each with unique characteristics:

    1. Plasmodium falciparum: This is the most dangerous and prevalent type of malaria parasite, particularly in Africa. It can cause severe complications, including cerebral malaria, which is life-threatening.

    2. Plasmodium vivax: Common in Asia and Latin America, P. vivax can remain dormant in the liver for long periods, leading to relapses of malaria symptoms even after treatment.

    3. Plasmodium ovale: Similar to P. vivax, this parasite can also stay dormant in the liver and cause relapses. It is less common but still poses health risks.

    4. Plasmodium malariae: This type causes a milder form of malaria but can persist in the bloodstream for years, leading to chronic infection and potential kidney issues.

    5. Plasmodium knowlesi: Originally a parasite that primarily infects monkeys, P. knowlesi is increasingly recognized as a significant concern in humans, particularly in Southeast Asia.

    Malaria symptoms typically appear 10-15 days after infection and can vary in intensity. Common signs and symptoms include:

    High Fever: Sudden high fevers, often accompanied by intense chills, are common. The fever can reach temperatures exceeding 39°C (102°F).

    Chills: Severe chills may occur alongside the fever, leading to uncontrollable shivering.

    Sweating: After a high fever, patients often experience profuse sweating.

    Headache: Severe headaches are frequent, often resembling flu-like symptoms.

    Muscle and Joint Pain: Significant pain in muscles and joints can lead to discomfort and fatigue.

    Fatigue and Weakness: As the body fights off the infection, individuals may feel extreme fatigue, affecting daily activities.

    Nausea and Vomiting: Gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea and vomiting, can lead to dehydration, especially in children.

    Coughing: Severe cases may involve a cough due to lung involvement or stress on the body.

    Anaemia: The destruction of red blood cells can result in anaemia, leading to pallor and weakness.

    Abdominal Pain: Some patients report abdominal pain, which may indicate spleen or liver involvement.

    Confusion and Neurological Symptoms: In severe cases, particularly with P. falciparum, neurological symptoms may occur, including confusion, disorientation, or seizures.

    Symptoms can vary based on individual immune responses and the type of malaria parasite involved, so vigilance is important.

    Effects of Malaria

    If malaria is not treated promptly, it can lead to serious health issues, they include :

    Cerebral Malaria: This condition occurs when malaria parasites infect the brain, leading to confusion, seizures, or coma. It is a medical emergency.

    Respiratory Distress: Severe cases can cause fluid buildup in the lungs, resulting in difficulty breathing.

    Severe Anaemia: The destruction of red blood cells can cause significant anaemia, leading to fatigue and increased vulnerability to infections.

    Kidney Failure: Severe malaria can damage the kidneys, potentially requiring dialysis.

    Spleen and Liver Complications: Malaria can lead to the enlargement of the spleen and liver, resulting in further health complications.

    Economic Impact: Beyond health issues, malaria also has substantial economic consequences, affecting productivity and increasing healthcare costs.

    Long-Term Health Issues: Survivors of severe malaria may experience lasting health problems, including chronic fatigue and neurological complications.

    Preventive Measures Against Malaria in Ghana

    Preventing malaria involves a combination of strategies:

    1. Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets (ITNs): These nets are effective in reducing malaria transmission, especially when used consistently during sleep.

    2. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS): Spraying insecticides on indoor surfaces helps decrease mosquito populations.

    3. Prophylactic Medications: Individuals travelling to malaria-prone areas or at higher risk, such as pregnant women and young children, should consider antimalarial medications.

    4. Community Education and Environmental Control: Engaging communities to eliminate standing water where mosquitoes breed is essential. Public education about malaria prevention can make a significant impact.

    5. Access to Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Treatment: Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing severe malaria. Rapid diagnostic tests are becoming more widely available, allowing for quicker confirmation of malaria.

    6. Health Education: Raising awareness about the symptoms of malaria and the importance of seeking medical attention promptly can save lives.

    Conclusion

    Malaria remains a significant health issue in Ghana, and understanding its transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures is essential for reducing its impact. Ongoing education, healthcare access, and community engagement are crucial in the fight against malaria. Through collective efforts, it is possible to combat malaria effectively and improve public health outcomes in affected regions. Staying informed and proactive is key to ensuring a healthier future for all.